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Chapter 1: Q. 1.30 (page 20)

Put a few spoonfuls of water into a bottle with a tight lid. Make sure everything is at room temperature, measuring the temperature of the water with a thermometer to make sure. Now close the bottle and shake it as hard as you can for several minutes. When you're exhausted and ready to drop, shake it for several minutes more. Then measure the temperature again. Make a rough calculation of the expected temperature change, and compare.


Short Answer

Expert verified

Temperature will change due to kinetic energy of molecules.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Few spoonfuls of water into a bottle with a tight lid.

02

Explanation

Temperature can't change (neither increased nor decreased) without any external factors (heat supply or heat absorption) . Temperature is related to the kinetic energy of the molecules.

When the bottle is kept in the room temperature, then its temperature will be say 25oC.

And when the bottle is shaken for couple of minutes, then its temperature is measured with thermometer. In this case, temperature will be increased due to the kinetic energy of molecules increases during shaking. This change in kinetic energy of molecule causes a change in temperature.


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Most popular questions from this chapter

By applying a pressure of 200atm, you can compress water to 99%of its usual volume. Sketch this process (not necessarily to scale) on aPV diagram, and estimate the work required to compress a liter of water by this amount. Does the result surprise you?

For a solid, we also define the linear thermal expansion coefficient, α, as the fractional increase in length per degree:

α≡ΔL/LΔT
(a) For steel, α is 1.1 x 10-5 K-1. Estimate the total variation in length of a 1 km steel bridge between a cold winter night and a hot summer day.
(b) The dial thermometer in Figure 1.2 uses a coiled metal strip made of two different metals laminated together. Explain how this works.
(c) Prove that the volume thermal expansion coefficient of a solid is equal to the sum of its linear expansion coefficients in the three directions β=αx + αy + αz. (So for an isotropic solid, which expands the same in all directions, β =3 α .)

In analogy with the thermal conductivity, derive an approximate formula for the diffusion coefficient of an ideal gas in terms of the mean free path and the average thermal speed. Evaluate your formula numerically for air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and compare to the experimental value quoted in the text. How does D depend on T, at fixed pressure?

Given an example to illustrate why you cannot accurately judge the temperature of an object by how hot or cold it feels to the touch?

Calculate the rate of heat conduction through a layer of still air that is1mmthick, with an area of 1m2, for a temperature difference of 20∘C.
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