The enthalpy of combustion of a gallon (3.8 liters) of gasoline is about 31,000kcal. The enthalpy of combustion of an ounce28g of corn flakes is about100kcal. Compare the cost of gasoline to the cost of corn flakes, per calorie.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The cost of gasoliene isRategasoline=0.009cents/kcalto the cost of corn flakes isRatecorn=1.14cents/kcal.

Step by step solution

01

Step: 1 Definition of Enthalpy:

The enthalpy change that happens when one mole of a material is created from its component elements in their standard states is known as the standard enthalpy of formation. The standard enthalpy of production of a substance known in its initial state is zero.

02

Step: 2 Finding entalpy:

To compare the prices of gasoline and corn flakes, we must look at the price per kcal. First, the average price of a gallon of gasoline in 2018is roughly $2.79; one gallon of gasoline has an enthalpy of 31000kcal, hence the price perkcalis:$Rate Gasolienerole="math" localid="1650287339371" =$2.7931000kca=0.009cents/kcalRate gasoliene=0.009cents/kcalused $1.00=100centsas an example. The cheapest corn flake (which I discovered on the internet - Kellogg's brand-) costs $20.45and weighs 18ounces, thus one ounce costs $1.14.An ounce of corn flakes has an enthalpy of 100kcal, and so the price per kcalis:

RateCorn=$1.14100kcalRateCorn=1.14cents/kcal.

The enthalpy price for 1calof fakes is 100times higher than the price of1calof Gasoliene enthalpy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A mole is approximately the number of protons in a gram of protons. The mass of a neutron is about the same as the mass of a proton, while the mass of an electron is usually negligible in comparison, so if you know the total number of protons and neutrons in a molecule(i,e., its "atomic mass"), you know the approximate mass(in grams) of a mole of these molecules. Referring to the periodic table at the back of this book ,find the mass of a mole of each of the following : Water, nitrogen (N2), lead, quartz (Si O2)

A cup containing 200g of water is sitting on your dining room table. After carefully measuring its temperature to be 20oC, you leave the room. Returning ten minutes later, you measure its temperature again and find that it is now 25oC. What can you conclude about the amount of heat added to the water? (Hint: This is a trick question.)

Estimate how long it should take to bring a cup of water to boiling temperature in a typical 600 -watt microwave oven, assuming that all the energy ends up in the water. (Assume any reasonable initial temperature for the water.) Explain why no heat is involved in this process.

Measured heat capacities of solids and liquids are almost always at constant pressure, not constant volume. To see why, estimate the pressure needed to keep Vfixed as Tincreases, as follows.

(a) First imagine slightly increasing the temperature of a material at constant pressure. Write the change in volume,dV1, in terms of dTand the thermal expansion coefficient βintroduced in Problem 1.7.

(b) Now imagine slightly compressing the material, holding its temperature fixed. Write the change in volume for this process, dV2, in terms of dPand the isothermal compressibility κT, defined as

κT1VVPT

(c) Finally, imagine that you compress the material just enough in part (b) to offset the expansion in part (a). Then the ratio of dPtodTis equal to (P/T)V, since there is no net change in volume. Express this partial derivative in terms of βandκT. Then express it more abstractly in terms of the partial derivatives used to define βandκT. For the second expression you should obtain

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This result is actually a purely mathematical relation, true for any three quantities that are related in such a way that any two determine the third.

(d) Compute β,κT,and(P/T)Vfor an ideal gas, and check that the three expressions satisfy the identity you found in part (c).

(e) For water at 25C,β=2.57×104K1andκT=4.52×1010Pa1. Suppose you increase the temperature of some water from 20Cto30C. How much pressure must you apply to prevent it from expanding? Repeat the calculation for mercury, for which (at25C)β=1.81×104K1andκT=4.04×1011Pa1

Given the choice, would you rather measure the heat capacities of these substances at constant vor at constant p?

In a Diesel engine, atmospheric air is quickly compressed to about 1/20 of its original volume. Estimate the temperature of the air after compression, and explain why a Diesel engine does not require spark plugs.

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