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Chapter 1: Q.1.1. (page 5)
The Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined so that ice melts at 320 F and water boils at 2120 F.
(a) Derive the formula for converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius and back
(b) What is absolute zero on the Fahrenheit scale?
(a)
(b) -459.67
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Consider the combustion of one mole of methane gas:
The system is at standard temperature and pressure both before and after the reaction.
(a) First imagine the process of converting a mole of methane into its elemental constituents (graphite and hydrogen gas). Use the data at the back of this book to find for this process.
(b) Now imagine forming a mole of and two moles of water vapor from their elemental constituents. Determine for this process.
(c) What is for the actual reaction in which methane and oxygen form carbon dioxide and water vapor directly? Explain.
(d) How much heat is given off during this reaction, assuming that no "other" forms of work are done?
(e) What is the change in the system's energy during this reaction? How would your answer differ if theended up as liquid water instead of vapor?
(f) The sun has a mass ofand gives off energy at a rate of watts. If the source of the sun's energy were ordinary combustion of a chemical fuel such as methane, about how long could it last?
Suppose you have a gas containing hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules, in thermal equilibrium. Which molecule are moving faster, on average? By what factor?
Suppose you open a bottle of perfume at one end of a room. Very roughly, how much time would pass before a person at the other end of the room could smell the perfume, if diffusion were the only transport mechanism? Do you think diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism in this situation?
Look up the enthalpy of formation of atomic hydrogen in the back of this book. This is the enthalpy change when a mole of atomic hydrogen is formed by dissociating mole of molecular hydrogen (the more stable state of the element). From this number, determine the energy needed to dissociate a single molecule, in electron-volts.
In a Diesel engine, atmospheric air is quickly compressed to about 1/20 of its original volume. Estimate the temperature of the air after compression, and explain why a Diesel engine does not require spark plugs.
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