(a) Give an example of different net external forces acting on the same system to produce different accelerations. (b) Give an example of the same net external force acting on systems of different masses, producing different accelerations. (c) What law accurately describes both effects? State it in words and as an equation.

An example is the application of force of magnitude, say 20 N, to a crate on the floor, which causes the crate to accelerate. When the greater force of magnitude, say 30 N force, is applied to the same crate, there is an increase in acceleration of the crate.

An example is the application of force of magnitude, say 20 N, to a sled of mass, say 60 kg, which causes the sled to accelerate. When the same force of 20 N force is applied to another sled of mass, say 40 kg, there is an increase in acceleration of the sled.

Step 2: (c) Law describing both the above effects

The law that describes both the above effects is Newton’s Second Law of Motion, which states that the acceleration of a system is proportional to the net external forces acting on the system and inversely proportional to the system's mass.

Mathematically,

$a=\frac{F_{net}}{m}$

Here${}^a$is the acceleration,${}^m$is the mass, andlocalid="1654169557320" ${}^{F_{net}}$is the net force.