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Chapter 4: Q13CQ (page 160)

If a constant, nonzero force is applied to an object, what can you say about the velocity and acceleration of the object?

Short Answer

Expert verified

With the application of nonzero force, the velocity of the object changes, and the object accelerates.

Step by step solution

01

Concept of Newton’s second law of motion

Newton’s second law of motion states that the acceleration of a system is directly proportional to the net external force acting on the system and is inversely proportional to the mass of the system. Mathematically,

Fnet=ma

HereFnetis the net force,localid="1654171055645" mis the mass, andlocalid="1654171210284" ais the acceleration.

02

The effect of nonzero force on the velocity and acceleration of the object

When a constant, nonzero force is applied to an object, then the object starts to accelerate. The acceleration of the body clearly indicates that the velocity of the object is changing.

Therefore, with the application of nonzero force, the velocity of the object changes, and the object accelerates

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Near the end of a marathon race, the first two runners are separated by a distance of 45 m. The front runner has a velocity of 3.50 m/s, and the second a velocity of 4.20 m/s. (a) what is the velocity of the second runner relative to the first? (b) If the front runner is 250 m from the finish line, who will win the race, assuming they run at constant velocity? (c) What distance ahead will the winner be when she crosses the finish line?

A 63.0 kg sprinter starts a race with an acceleration of 4.20 m/s2. What is the net external force on him?

Suppose two children push horizontally, but in exactly opposite directions, on a third child in a wagon. The first child exerts a force of 75.0 N, the second a force of 90.0 N, friction is 12.0 N, and the mass of the third child plus wagon is 23.0 kg.

(a) What is the system of interest if the acceleration of the child in the wagon is to be calculated?

(b) Draw a free-body diagram, including all forces acting on the system.

(c) Calculate the acceleration.

(d) What would the acceleration be if friction were 15.0 N?

Explain, in terms of the properties of the four basic forces, why people notice the gravitational force acting on their bodies if it is such a comparatively weak force.

Suppose your car was mired deeply in the mud, and you wanted to use the method illustrated in Figure 4.37 to pull it out.

(a) What force would you have to exert perpendicular to the center of the rope to produce a force of 12,000 N on the car if the angle is 2.00°? In this part, explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategy for Newton’s laws of motion.

(b) Real ropes stretch under such forces. What force would be exerted on the car if the angle increases to 7.00° and you still apply the force found in part (a) to its center?
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