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Chapter 4: Q14CQ (page 160)

The gravitational force on the basketball in Figure 4.6 is ignored. When gravity is taken into account, what is the direction of the net external force on the basketball—above horizontal, below horizontal, or still horizontal.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The direction of the net external force acting on the basketball will be below the horizontal when the force due to gravity is taken into account.

Step by step solution

01

Concept of Newton’s second law of motion

Newton’s second law of motion states that the acceleration of a system is directly proportional to the net external force acting on the system and is inversely proportional to the mass of the system. Mathematically,

Fnet=ma

HereFnetis the net force,mis the mass, andlocalid="1654171727461" ais the acceleration.

02

Direction of net external force when gravity is considered

Referring to figure 4.6, the direction of the net external force acting on the basketball will be below the horizontal when the force due to gravity is taken into account.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Commercial airplanes are sometimes pushed out of the passenger loading area by a tractor.

(a) An 1800-kg tractor exerts a force of 1.75×104 N backward on the pavement, and the system experiences forces resisting motion that total 2400 N. If the acceleration is 0.150 m/s2, what is the mass of the airplane?

(b) Calculate the force exerted by the tractor on the airplane, assuming 2200 N of the friction is experienced by the airplane.

(c) Draw two sketches showing the systems of interest used to solve each part, including the free-body diagrams for each.

A basketball player jumps straight up for a ball. To do this, he lowers his body 0.300 m and then accelerates through this distance by forcefully straightening his legs. This player leaves the floor with a vertical velocity sufficient to carry him 0.900 m above the floor.

(a) Calculate his velocity when he leaves the floor.

(b) Calculate his acceleration while he is straightening his legs. He goes from zero to the velocity found in part (a) in a distance of 0.300 m.

(c) Calculate the force he exerts on the floor to do this, given that his mass is 110 kg.

Since astronauts in orbit are apparently weightless, a clever method of measuring their masses is needed to monitor their mass gains or losses to adjust diets. One way to do this is to exert a known force on an astronaut and measure the acceleration produced. Suppose a net external force of 50.0 N is exerted and the astronaut’s acceleration is measured to be 0.893 m/s2.

(a) Calculate her mass.

(b) By exerting a force on the astronaut, the vehicle in which they orbit experiences an equal and opposite force. Discuss how this would affect the measurement of the astronaut’s acceleration. Propose a method in which recoil of the vehicle is avoided.

Consider the tension in an elevator cable during the time the elevator starts from rest and accelerates its load upward to some cruising velocity. Taking the elevator and its load to be the system of interest, draw a free-body diagram. Then calculate the tension in the cable. Among the things to consider are the mass of the elevator and its load, the final velocity, and the time taken to reach that velocity.

A device used since the 1940 s to measure the kick or recoil of the body due to heart beats is the “ballistocardiograph.” What physics principle(s) are involved here to measure the force of cardiac contraction? How might we construct such a device?
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