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Chapter 20: Q27CQ (page 732)
Why is the resistance of wet skin so much smaller than dry, and why do blood and other bodily fluids have low resistances?
Because water has a low resistance and is a strong conductor of electricity, ions are strong conductors and can be found in bodily fluids.
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(a) A defibrillator sends a \({\bf{6}}{\bf{.00}}\;{\bf{A}}\) current through the chest of a patient by applying a \({\bf{10000}}\;{\bf{V}}\) potential as in the figure below. What is the resistance of the path? (b) The defibrillator paddles make contact with the patient through a conducting gel that greatly reduces the path resistance. Discuss the difficulties that would ensue if a larger voltage were used to produce the same current through the patient, but with the path having perhaps 50 times the resistance. (Hint: The current must be about the same, so a higher voltage would imply greater power. Use the equation for power: \({\bf{P = }}{{\bf{I}}^{\bf{2}}}{\bf{R}}\).)
What is the current when a typical static charge of \({\bf{0}}{\bf{.250}}\;{\bf{\mu C}}\) moves from your finger to a metal doorknob in \({\bf{1}}{\bf{.00}}\;{\bf{\mu s}}\) ?
How is the IR drop in a resistor similar to the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a pipe?
In view of the small currents that cause shock hazards and the larger currents that circuit breakers and fuses interrupt, how do they play a role in preventing shock hazards?
The average television is said to be on \(6{\rm{ }}hours\) per day. Estimate the yearly cost of electricity to operate \(100{\rm{ }}million\) TVs, assuming their power consumption averages \(150{\rm{ }}W\)and the cost of electricity averages \(12.0{\rm{ }}cents/kW \cdot h\).
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