A particle accelerator sends high-velocity charged particles down an evacuated pipe. Explain how a coil of wire wrapped around the pipe could detect the passage of individual particles. Sketch a graph of the voltage output of the coil as a single particle passes through it.

Particle physics is the study of the nature of the particles that make up matter and radiation.

A charged particle sent at high velocity generates a magnetic field that wraps around the charge's line of motion in circular loops of decreasing strength from the wire.

Due to the magnetic field created by the moving charge, a coil of wire wrapped around the pipe will produce current by induction. As a result, as soon as the charge passes through the pipe, an induced emf causes the current to flow in the wire. The following formula calculates the induced emf:

\(emf = - N\frac{{\Delta \phi }}{{\Delta t}}\)

In this equation, N denotes the number of turns in the coil, \(\Delta \phi \) denotes the change in magnetic flux, and \(\Delta t\) denotes the time duration.

Let us plot the required graph,