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Chapter 34: Q16CQ (page 1237)
Is the event horizon of a black hole the actual physical surface of the object?
It isn't, however it is necessary for comprehending how black holes function.
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Black holes with masses smaller than those formed in supernovas may have been created in the Big Bang. Calculate the radius of one that has a mass equal to the Earth’s.
A section of superconducting wire carries a current of\({\rm{100 A}}\)and requires\({\rm{1}}{\rm{.00 L}}\)of liquid nitrogen per hour to keep it below its critical temperature. For it to be economically advantageous to use a superconducting wire, the cost of cooling the wire must be less than the cost of energy lost to heat in the wire. Assume that the cost of liquid nitrogen is\({\rm{\$ 0}}{\rm{.30}}\)per litre, and that electric energy costs\({\rm{\$ 0}}{\rm{.10}}\)per KW·h. What is the resistance of a normal wire that costs as much in wasted electric energy as the cost of liquid nitrogen for the superconductor?
State a necessary condition for a system to be chaotic.
What are gravitational waves, and have they yet been observed either directly or indirectly?
The average particle energy needed to observe unification of forces is estimated to be\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{19}}}}{\rm{ GeV}}\). (a) What is the rest mass in kilograms of a particle that has a rest mass of\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{19}}}}{\rm{ GeV/ }}{{\rm{c}}^{\rm{2}}}\)? (b) How many times the mass of a hydrogen atom is this?
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