Chapter 34: Q23CQ (page 1237)
State a necessary condition for a system to be chaotic.
Short Answer
It is considered to be chaotic if states that differ by a little amount in the starting circumstances diverge as the system evolves.
Chapter 34: Q23CQ (page 1237)
State a necessary condition for a system to be chaotic.
It is considered to be chaotic if states that differ by a little amount in the starting circumstances diverge as the system evolves.
All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.
Get started for freeIf neutrino oscillations do occur, will they violate conservation of the various lepton family numbers (\({{\rm{L}}_{\rm{e}}}\),\({{\rm{L}}_{\rm{\mu }}}\), and \({{\rm{L}}_{\rm{T}}}\))? Will neutrino oscillations violate conservation of the total number of leptons?
Find the approximate mass of the dark and luminous matter in the Milky Way galaxy. Assume the luminous matter is due to approximately \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{11}}}}\) stars of average mass \({\rm{1}}{\rm{.5}}\) times that of our Sun, and take the dark matter to be \({\rm{10}}\) times as massive as the luminous matter.
On average, how far away are galaxies that are moving away from us at\({\rm{2}}{\rm{.0 \% }}\)of the speed of light?
Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Assuming a circular orbit\({\rm{30,000 ly}}\)in radius and an orbital speed of\({\rm{250 km/s}}\),how many years does it take for one revolution? Note that this is approximate, assuming constant speed and circular orbit, but it is representative of the time for our system and local stars to make one revolution around the galaxy.
(a) Calculate the approximate age of the universe from the average value of the Hubble constant,\({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{0}}}{\rm{ = 20km/s}} \cdot {\rm{Mly}}\). To do this, calculate the time it would take to travel\({\rm{1 Mly}}\)at a constant expansion rate of\({\rm{20 km/s}}\). (b) If deceleration is taken into account, would the actual age of the universe be greater or less than that found here? Explain.
What do you think about this solution?
We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.