If a GUT is proven, and the four forces are unified, it will still be correct to say that the orbit of the moon is determined by the gravitational force. Explain why.

Short Answer

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The forces would converge at extremely high energies but would remain distinct at lower "every day" energy levels.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Grand Unified Theory(GUT)

A Grand Unified Theory is a particle physics model in which, at high energies, the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces of the Standard Model are merged into a single force.

02

Explanation

The confirmation of GUT implies that at sufficiently high energies, the four forces - strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational - are unified. The forces would still be clearly distinct at lower energies, which are the relevant energy levels when determining the orbit of the moon in our standard space. However, at high energies, this new theoretical framework would imply new particles and provide a fresh look at the standard model.

GUT is an abbreviation for "Grand Unified Theory," which is a theory in which three forces, electromagnetic, weak, and strong, are unified at sufficiently high energies. The "Theory of Everything," or TEO for short, is a theory in which gravity is also unified. The question refers to GUT confirmation, but it talks about the unification of four forces, which contradicts the definition of GUT and falls more into the TEO realm.

If the question were GUT consistent, that is, if it only referred to unifying three forces (excluding gravity), the answer would be much simpler because gravity would not be subjected to the unification, allowing us to use the term "gravitational force" without hesitation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider a detector needed to observe the proposed, but extremely rare, decay of an electron. Construct a problem in which you calculate the amount of matter needed in the detector to be able to observe the decay, assuming that it has a signature that is clearly identifiable. Among the things to consider are the estimated half-life (long for rare events), and the number of decays per unit time that you wish to observe, as well as the number of electrons in the detector substance.

(a) Verify from its quark composition that the \({\rm{\Delta + }}\)particle could be an excited state of the proton.

(b) There is a spread of about \({\rm{100 MeV}}\) in the decay energy of the \({\rm{\Delta + }}\), interpreted as uncertainty due to its short lifetime. What is its approximate lifetime?

(c) Does its decay proceed via the strong or weak force?

One decay mode for the eta-zero meson is \({{\rm{\eta }}^{\rm{0}}} \to {{\rm{\pi }}^{\rm{0}}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{\pi }}^{\rm{0}}}\).

(a) Write the decay in terms of the quark constituents.

(b) How much energy is released?

(c) What is the ultimate release of energy, given the decay mode for the pi zero is\({{\rm{\pi }}^{\rm{0}}} \to {\rm{\gamma + \gamma }}\)?

A virtual particle having an approximate mass of \[{\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{14}}}}{\rm{GeV/}}{{\rm{c}}^{\rm{2}}}\]may be associated with the unification of the strong and electroweak forces. For what length of time could this virtual particle exist (in temporary violation of the conservation of mass-energy as allowed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle)?

(a) Is a hadron always a baryon?

(b) Is a baryon always a hadron?

(c) Can an unstable baryon decay into a meson, leaving no other baryon?

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