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Chapter 17: Q1CQ (page 628)
How do sound vibrations of atoms differ from thermal motion?
Heat(thermal motion) creates random movements in atoms whereas sound causes vibration in atoms in a particular direction.
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A dolphin is able to tell in the dark that the ultrasound echoes received from two sharks come from two different objects only if the sharks are separated by 3.50m, one being that much farther away than the other. (a) If the ultrasound has a frequency of 100 kHz, show this ability is not limited by its wavelength. (b) If this ability is due to the dolphin’s ability to detect the arrival times of echoes, what is the minimum time difference the dolphin can perceive?
When sound passes from one medium to another where its propagation speed is different, does its frequency or wavelength change? Explain your answer briefly.
(a) A bat uses ultrasound to find its way among trees. If this bat can detect echoes 1.00ms apart, what minimum distance between objects can it detect? (b) Could this distance explain the difficulty that bats have to find an open door when they accidentally get into a house?
Suppose you read that 210 bB ultrasound is being used to pulverize cancerous tumors. You calculate the intensity in watts per centimeter squared and find it is unreasonably high ( 105 W/cm2 ). What is a possible explanation?
The factor of \({\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 12}}}}\)in the range of intensities to which the ear can respond, from threshold to that causing damage after brief exposure, is truly remarkable. If you could measure distances over the same range with a single instrument and the smallest distance you could measure was\(1\;{\rm{mm}}\), what would the largest be?
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