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Chapter 31: Q10 CQ (page 1147)

Is it possible for light emitted by a scintillator to be too low in frequency to be used in a photomultiplier tube? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

It would be no use.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of photomultiplier tubes

Photomultiplier tubes, also known as electron multiplier tubes, are used to measure low light intensities by multiplying electrons by secondary emission. It can be used to measure the brightness of dim stars in astronomy, television camera tubes, and nuclear investigations to find and quantify tiny light flashes.

02

Step 2: Light emitted by scintillator

We know that when beam of photons strikes the metal then electrons are emitted. Only condition that matters is that the frequency of the light photons should be threshold frequency or more that.

So if the light emitted by scintillator has very low frequency, then no electrons would be emitted from the metal plate in the photomultiplier tube. Therefore it would be no help to use light of very low frequency in a photomultiplier tube.

Therefore, It would be no use.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Repeat Exercise \({\rm{31}}{\rm{.2}}\), and convert the energy to joules or calories. (b) If all of this energy is converted to thermal energy in the gas, what is its temperature increase, assuming \(50.0\,{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}\) of ideal gas at \({\rm{0}}{\rm{.250 - }}\)atm pressure? (The small answer is consistent with the fact that the energy is large on a quantum mechanical scale but small on a macroscopic scale.)

Armor-piercing shells with depleted uranium cores are fired by aircraft at tanks. (The high density of the uranium makes them effective.) The uranium is called depleted because it has had its \(^{{\rm{235}}}{\rm{U}}\)removed for reactor use and is nearly pure\(^{{\rm{238}}}{\rm{U}}\). Depleted uranium has been erroneously called non-radioactive. To demonstrate that this is wrong:

(a) Calculate the activity of \(60.0\;\,{\rm{g}}\)of pure\(^{{\rm{238}}}{\rm{U}}\).

(b) Calculate the activity of \(60.0\;\,{\rm{g}}\)ofnatural uranium, neglecting the\(^{{\rm{234}}}{\rm{U}}\) and all daughter nuclides.

Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for electron capture given in theequation \(_Z^A{X_N} + {e^ - } \to _{Z - 1}^A{Y_{N + 1}} + {v_e}\). To do this, identify the values of each before and after the capture.

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Unreasonable Results

  1. Repeat exercise but include the \({\rm{0}}{\rm{.0055 \% }}\) natural abundance of \(^{{\rm{234}}}{\rm{U}}\) with its \(2.45 \times {10^5}\) y half-life.
  2. What is unreasonable about this result?
  3. What assumption is responsible?
  4. Where does the \(^{{\rm{234}}}{\rm{U}}\) come from if it is not primordial?
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