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Chapter 7: Q30 PE (page 261)

The Crab Nebula (see Figure 7.41) pulsar is the remnant of a supernova that occurred in A.D. 1054. Using data from Table 7.3, calculate the approximate factor by which the power output of this astronomical object has declined since its explosion.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The factor by which the power output of the Crab Nebula has declined since its explosion is 10-10.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Concepts

Power: Power is a scalar quantity defined as how fast energy is being consumed or transformed. One watt of power is defined as one Joules of energy is being consumed per second.

02

Calculate the approximate factor by which output has deceased

The power output of the Crabs Nebula is,

PC=1028W

The power output of the Supernova explosion is,

PS=5×1037W

The factor by which the power output has deceased is,

F=PCPS

Putting all known values,

F=1028W5×1037W=2×10-10

Therefore, the factor by which the power output of the Crab Nebula has declined since its explosion is 10-10.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Shoveling snow can be extremely taxing because the arms have such a low efficiency in this activity. Suppose a person shoveling a footpath metabolizes food at the rate of\(800{\rm{ W}}\).

(a) What is her useful power output?

(b) How long will it take her to lift\(3000{\rm{ kg}}\)of snow\(1.20{\rm{ m}}\)? (This could be the amount of heavy snow on\(20{\rm{ m}}\)of footpath.)

(c) How much waste heat transfer in kilojoules will she generate in the process?

Describe a situation in which a force is exerted for a long time but does no work. Explain.

(a) What is the average useful power output of a person who does \begin{aligned}6.00 \times {10^6}{\rm{ J}} \end{aligned}of useful work in 8.00 h?

(b) Working at this rate, how long will it take this person to lift 2000 kgof bricks 1.50 mto a platform? (Work done to lift his body can be omitted because it is not considered useful output here.)

Describe the energy transfers and transformations for a javelin, starting from the point at which an athlete picks up the javelin and ending when the javelin is stuck into the ground after being thrown.

Do devices with efficiencies of less than one violate the law of conservation of energy? Explain
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