Draw a circuit diagram of a 311 op-amp showing an input of \(10 \mathrm{~V} \mathrm{rms}\) applied to the inverting input and the plus input to ground. Identify all pin numbers.

Understanding the basics of a 311 op-amp is crucial for any student venturing into electronics. An op-amp, short for operational amplifier, is a critical component in analog electronic circuits. The 311 model is a particular type that is distinguished by its pin configuration and electrical characteristics.

It features eight pins, each with a specific function. These pins include the inverting input, non-inverting input, positive and negative power supply voltages (V+ and V-), output, and offset null inputs, which are used for voltage calibration on more sensitive applications. When looking at the op-amp with the notch or dot marker at the top, the pin numbers go from 1 to 8 in a counter-clockwise direction. In the textbook example, you've seen how a voltage source is connected to the inverting input, grounding the non-inverting input, and how power supply pins are utilized to enable the op-amp to function.

The inverting input is a critical point of an op-amp and often marked with a minus ('-') symbol. When a voltage is applied here, as seen in our 10V rms signal example, the op-amp will amplify the voltage while inverting its phase. This means that if we input a positive voltage, the output will be negative, assuming the op-amp is functioning within its capabilities.

The fact that the signal is 'inverted' can be utilized in many circuit configurations such as inverters, filters, and oscillators. In the exercise, accurately connecting the inverting input to the correct pin (pin 2 for a 311 op-amp) is essential for achieving the intended circuit behavior.

Conversely, the non-inverting input, tagged with a plus ('+') sign, is where a signal can be applied without phase inversion through the amplifier. In the given problem, the non-inverting input of the 311 op-amp is connected to ground. This essentially sets a zero-volt reference level for the op-amp, against which the inverting input signal is compared.

Grounding pin 3, the non-inverting input, is a common practice for many amplifying configurations. When a positive voltage is fed into this input, it results in a positive output voltage that is directly proportional to the input.

A voltage source is the starting point for any electronic circuit. It provides the necessary energy to drive components and can come in various forms, such as alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). In our exercise, there are two aspects of the voltage source to consider: the 10V rms AC input signal connected to the inverting input, and the separate DC power source connected to V+ and V- for the op-amp power supply.

It's important to differentiate between these sources as they serve different functions. The 10V rms signal source provides the signal that the op-amp is to amplify, while the DC power source supplies the power for the op-amp itself to operate. This distinction is essential for understanding and correctly implementing circuits that involve operational amplifiers.