Prepare a report on how the following items work and what engineering disciplines are involved in their design and manufacture: a) Cell phone b) CT scan machine c) DVD player d) Dialysis machine e) Flat-screen TV

A cell phone is a portable device that allows communication via wireless signals. Key components include the antenna, integrated circuits, battery, and display. - Functionality: Cell phones allow users to make voice calls, send text messages, and access the internet. This is facilitated by connecting to a network of base stations or cell towers, which are part of the cellular network infrastructure. - Engineering disciplines involved: 1. Electrical engineering: Design of circuits, antennas, and power supply 2. Computer engineering: Creation of operating systems, software, and hardware 3. Materials engineering: Selection of appropriate materials for the phone's casing and components 4. Telecommunication engineering: Ensuring effective and efficient communication between the phone and the cellular network

A CT (computed tomography) scan machine is a medical imaging device that takes cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays. - Functionality: CT scan machines use a rotating X-ray tube and detectors to create images of the body's internal structures. These images are processed by a computer to produce detailed, two-dimensional images that can be viewed by medical professionals. - Engineering disciplines involved: 1. Biomedical engineering: Designing the machine to be safe and effective for medical use 2. Electrical engineering: Designing the X-ray emitter and detector system 3. Computer engineering: Developing algorithms and software for image processing 4. Mechanical engineering: Designing the rotating components and overall structure of the machine

A DVD (digital versatile disc) player is an electronic device that reads and plays data from DVDs, allowing users to view video content and listen to audio. - Functionality: A DVD player uses a laser to read data from a spinning disc. This data is sent to a decoder, which converts the digital data into video and audio signals. - Engineering disciplines involved: 1. Electrical engineering: Designing the laser, reader, decoder, and power supply 2. Computer engineering: Developing software to communicate with the decoder and output the video and audio 3. Mechanical engineering: Designing the disc drive mechanism and overall device structure

A dialysis machine is a medical device used to filter waste products and excess fluid from a patient's blood when their kidneys are no longer functioning adequately. - Functionality: Dialysis machines work by circulating the patient's blood through a dialyzer, which contains a semi-permeable membrane. Waste products and excess fluid pass through the membrane and are removed, while essential components such as red blood cells, proteins, and nutrients remain in the blood. - Engineering disciplines involved: 1. Biomedical engineering: Designing the machine for safe, effective, and reliable use in a medical setting 2. Chemical engineering: Developing the dialyzer's membrane and selecting appropriate materials 3. Electrical engineering: Designing the machine's control systems, sensors, and monitoring devices 4. Mechanical engineering: Designing the machine's structure and fluid handling components

A flat-screen TV is an electronic display used for watching video content, such as movies, television shows, and live broadcasts. - Functionality: Flat-screen TVs use either liquid-crystal display (LCD) or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology to create images. An LCD TV manipulates the alignment of liquid crystals to allow varying amounts of light to pass through, while an OLED TV emits light directly from organic compounds. In both cases, pixels are illuminated to create the desired image on the screen. - Engineering disciplines involved: 1. Electrical engineering: Designing the display, power management, and audio systems 2. Materials engineering: Selection and development of materials for the display, casing, and components 3. Computer engineering: Developing software to control the TV's functions, display, and user interface 4. Mechanical engineering: Designing the overall structure and form factor of the TV