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Chapter 17: Problem 5

Suppose you start running while holding a closed jar of air. Do you change the average speed of the air molecules? The average velocity? The temperature?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The average speed of the air molecules in a closed jar remains unchanged as you run. However, the average velocity changes due to a change in direction. The temperature doesn't change as no additional heat or energy is imparted to the air molecules.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding average speed

Average speed depends on the total distance travelled and the total time taken. It is an 'absolute' or scalar quantity. In a closed jar, the total distance the air molecules travel does not change whether the jar is in motion or stationary.
02

Understanding average velocity

Average velocity takes into account not just the magnitude, but also the direction. It's a 'directional' or vector quantity. So when a closed jar of air is run with, there's a change in direction and thus the average velocity changes irrespective of the interior motion of air molecules.
03

Understanding temperature

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. Now, as the jar is ran with, no additional heat or kinetic energy is added to the particles. Hence, the temperature remains unchanged.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A typical pressure cooker operates at twice normal atmospheric pressure, raising water's boiling point to about \(120^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Compared with steam at 1 atm and the normal \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) boiling point, the density of steam in a pressure cooker is a. double. b. somewhat more than double. c. somewhat less than double. d. quadruple.

How many molecules are in an ideal-gas sample at \(350 \mathrm{K}\) that occupies \(8.5 \mathrm{L}\) when the pressure is \(180 \mathrm{kPa} ?\)

Which takes more heat: melting a gram of ice already at \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) or bringing the melted water to the boiling point?

A pressure cooker has a regulating mechanism that releases steam so as to maintain constant pressure. If that mechanism became clogged a. the pressure would nevertheless level off once water in the cooker began to boil. b. the pressure would continue to rise although the temperature would remain constant. c. both temperature and pressure would continue to rise. d. the density of the steam would decrease.

According to the ideal-gas law, what should be the volume of a gas at absolute zero? Why is this result absurd?
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