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Chapter 18: Problem 1

The temperature of the water in a jar is raised by violently shaking the jar. Which of the terms \(Q\) and \(W\) in the first law of thermodynamics is involved in this case?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the process described, the term \(W\) (work) in the first law of thermodynamics is involved.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the physical process

Here the task asks for an interpretation of a physical process under the lens of the first law of thermodynamics. Here the temperature of water in a jar is increased by violently shaking it. So one must know that shaking is a form of work performed on the system (in this case water).
02

Identify the terms in the First law of Thermodynamics

In the first law of thermodynamics the change in internal energy (ΔU) of a system is given by the heat added to the system (Q) minus the work done by the system (W) on its surroundings. Here ΔU>0 due to the increase of temperature by shaking the jar and there is no mention of heat being added or subtracted to the system so one can safely assume Q=0.
03

Identify the involved terms

From steps 1 and 2 it follows, that the physical process of shaking the jar corresponds to the work term (W) in the first law of thermodynamics.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A balloon contains 0.30 mol of helium. It rises, while maintaining a constant \(300-\mathrm{K}\) temperature, to an altitude where its volume has expanded five times. Neglecting tension forces in the balloon, how much work is done by the helium during this isothermal expansion?

By what factor must the volume of a gas with \(\gamma=1.4\) be changed in an adiabatic process if the pressure is to double?

Three identical gas-cylinder systems are compressed from the same initial state to final states that have the same volume, one isothermally, one adiabatically, and one isobarically. Which system has the most work done on it? The least?

Find the rate of heat flow into a system whose internal energy is increasing at the rate of \(45 \mathrm{W}\), given that the system is doing work at the rate of \(165 \mathrm{W}\)

Why can't an irreversible process be described by a path in a \(p V\) diagram?
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