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Chapter 37: Problem 15

How do type I and type II superconductors differ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Type I superconductors transition abruptly to the normal state when subjected to a certain level of magnetic field and have a lower critical current, whereas type II superconductors allow some magnetic field penetration and display a gradual transition to the normal state, also carrying a higher critical current.

Step by step solution

01

Introduce Superconductivity

Firstly, the concept of superconductivity must be understood. Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where materials exhibit zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields.
02

Define Type I Superconductors

Next, type I superconductors are defined. These are superconductors that cease to superconduct — an abrupt transition to the normal state (loss of superconductivity) — when the applied magnetic field exceeds a certain critical value.
03

Define Type II Superconductors

Following this, type II superconductors are described. Differently than type I, these materials allow magnetic fields to penetrate through them even in a superconducting state and can carry a higher critical current density. They undergo a gradual transition from the superconducting state to the normal state as the applied magnetic field is increased.
04

Comparison

Finally, the main differences between the two types must be highlighted. Primarily, type I superconductors display an abrupt transition from the superconducting to normal state with an applied magnetic field, whereas type II superconductors transition gradually. Furthermore, the latter can sustain a higher critical current.

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