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Chapter 1: Problem 125

Explain how sweat soldering of copper pipe works from a fluid mechanics viewpoint.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Sweat soldering of copper pipe from a fluid mechanics viewpoint involves thermal conduction for heating, capillary action allowing molten solder to ingress between the pipe and fitting, and convection currents for even distribution of heat and solder. These principles ensure a firm and watertight joint.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Sweat Soldering

Sweat soldering is a process commonly used to join copper pipes. It involves heating the interface between the pipe and its fitting until it is hot enough to melt solder. The molten solder then fuses into the gap between the pipe and the fitting due to capillary action.
02

Thermal Conduction Principle

Thermal conduction plays a crucial role in heating up the copper pipe and fitting to the necessary temperature. Copper is a good thermal conductor, so when the heat source is applied, heat transfers quickly across the material.
03

Capillary Action

Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow against gravity where liquid spontaneously rises in a narrow space such as between the copper pipe and fitting. When the solder melts, it is drawn into and fills the thin space between the pipe and fitting. It happens because of the adhesive and cohesive forces amongst the solder and copper particles.
04

Convection Currents

As the soldering process goes on, the heat from the torch creates convection currents in the molten solder. These currents ensure an even distribution of heat and solder in the joint, thereby contributing to a more reliable and watertight seal.

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If \(p\) is a pressure, \(V\) a velocity, and \(\rho\) a fluid density, what are the dimensions (in the \(M L T\) system) of (a) \(p / \rho\) (b) \(p V \rho,\) and (c) \(p / \rho V^{2} ?\)

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