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Chapter 40: Q7Q (page 1246)
An electron in a mercury atom is in the 3dsub-shell. Which of the following values are possible for it: -3, -1, 0, 1, and 2?
The possible values for 3d the sub-shell of the electron of mercury atom are -1,0,1,2.
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Comet stimulated emission.When a comet approaches the Sun, the increased warmth evaporates water from the ice on the surface of the comet nucleus, producing a thin atmosphere of water vapor around the nucleus. Sunlight can then dissociate molecules in the vapor to H atoms and OH molecules. The sunlight can also excite the OH molecules to higher energy levels.
When the comet is still relatively far from the Sun, the sunlight causes equal excitation to the and levels (Fig. 40-28a). Hence, there is no population inversion between the two levels. However, as the comet approaches the Sun, the excitation to thelevel decreases and population inversion occurs. The reason has to do with one of the many wavelengths—said to be Fraunhofer lines—that are missing in sunlight because, as the light travels outward through the Sun’s atmosphere, those particular wavelengths are absorbed by the atmosphere.
As a comet approaches the Sun, the Doppler Effect due to the comet’s speed relative to the Sun shifts the Fraunhofer lines in wavelength, apparently overlapping one of them with the wavelength required for excitation to the level in OH molecules. Population inversion then occurs in those molecules, and they radiate stimulated emission (Fig. 40 28b). For example, as comet Kouhoutek approached the Sun in December 1973 and January 1974, it radiated stimulated emission at about during mid-January. (a) What was the energy difference for that emission? (b) In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum was the emission?
An electron in an atom of gold is in a state with n = 4. Which of these values of are possible for it:-3, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5?
In 1911, Ernest Rutherford modeled an atom as being a point of positive charge surrounded by a negative charge -ze uniformly distributed in a sphere of radius centered at the point. At distance within the sphere, the electric potential is .
The wavelength of the line from iron is 193 pm. What is the energy difference between the two states of the iron atom that give rise to this transition?
In the subshell I =3, (a) what is the greatest (most positive) value, (b) how many states are available with the greatest value, and (c) what is the total number of states available in the subshell?
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