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Chapter 43: Q8Q (page 1330)

Which of these elements is not “cooked up” by thermonuclear fusion processes in stellar interiors: carbon, silicon, chromium, bromine?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The Bromine among the given elements cannot be cooked up by thermonuclear fusion in stellar interiors.

Step by step solution

01

Thermonuclear Fusion

The fusion process in which the combination of two lighter nuclei to form heavier nuclei takes place by overcoming the repulsive force of protons due to thermal energy is called thermonuclear fusion. The necessary thermal energy depends on the charge of the atoms.

02

Identification of elements not cooked up by thermonuclear fusion in stellar interiors

Thermonuclear fusion is only possible up to middle-size nuclei. The atomic number 56 is a barrier to thermonuclear fusion, so nuclei of atomic numbers up to 56 undergo thermonuclear fusion.

The atomic number of Bromine is greater than 56, so it cannot be cooked up by thermonuclear fusion in stellar interiors.

Therefore, the Bromine among the given elements cannot be cooked up by thermonuclear fusion in stellar interiors.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In certain stars the carbon cycle is more effective than the proton–proton cycle in generating energy.This carbon cycle is

C12+H1→13N+γ,Q1=1.95MeV,N13→13C+e++v,Q2=1.19,C13+H1→14N+γ,Q3=7.55,C14+H1→15O+γ,Q4=7.30,15O→15N+e++v,Q5=1.73,C15+H1→12C+4He,Q6=4.97

(a) Show that this cycle is exactly equivalent in its overall effects to the proton–proton cycle of Fig. 43-11. (b) Verify that the two cycles, as expected, have the same Q value.

Question: In a particular fission event in which U235is fissioned by slow neutrons, no neutron is emitted and one of the primary fission fragments is Ge83. (a) What is the other fragment? The disintegration energy is Q = 170 MeV. How much of this energy goes to (b) the Ge83fragment and (c) the other fragment? Just after the fission, what is the speed of (d) the Ge83fragment and (e) the other fragment?

For the fission reaction U235+n→X+Y+2n. Rank the following possibilities for X (or Y), most likely first: Nd152,I140, In128, Pd115,Mo105 .

(a) Calculate the rate at which the Sun generates neutrinos. Assume that energy production is entirely by the proton-proton fusion cycle. (b) At what rate do solar neutrinos reach Earth?

Assume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius. Assume further that the composition of the core is 35% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.2×1011kg/s, how long will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? The Sun’s mass is 2.0×1030kg.
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