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Chapter 20: Q24P (page 605)
A Carnot engine absorbs 52 kJas heat and exhausts 36 kJas heat in each cycle. (a) Calculate the engine’s efficiency and (b) Calculate the work done per cycle in kilojoules.
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A gas, confined to an insulated cylinder, is compressed adiabatically to half its volume. Does the entropy of the gas increase, decrease, or remain unchanged during this process?
A box contains Nmolecules. Consider two configurations: Configuration Awith an equal division of the molecules between the two halves of the box, and configuration Bwith 60.0%of the molecules in the left half of the box and 40.0%in the right half. For N =50, what are (a) the multiplicity WAof configuration A, (b) the multiplicity of configuration B, and (c) the ratioof the time the system spends in configuration Bto the time it spends in configuration A? For N =100, what are (d), (e), and (f)? ForN =200, what are (g), (h), and (i)? ( j) With increasingN, doesincrease, decrease, or remain the same?
(a) What is the entropy change of a 12.0gice cube that melts completely in a bucket of water whose temperature is just above the freezing point water?(b) What is the entropy change of a 5.00gspoonful of water that evaporates completely on a hot plate whose temperature is slightly above the boiling point of water?
A brass rod is in thermal contact with a constant-temperature reservoir atat one end and a constant-temperature reservoir at at the other end. (a) Compute the total change in entropy of the rod–reservoirs system when 5030 Jof energy is conducted through the rod, from one reservoir to the other. (b) Does the entropy of the rod change?
A mixture of1773g of water and 227gof ice is in an initial equilibrium state at . The mixture is then, in a reversible process, brought to a second equilibrium state where the water – ice ratio, by mass, is 1.00 : 1.00at. (a)Calculate the entropy change of the system during this process. (The heat of fusion for water is 333 kJ/kg.)(b) The system is then returned to the initial equilibrium state in an irreversible process (say, by using a Bunsen burner). Calculate the entropy change of the system during this process. (c)Are your answers consistent with the second law of thermodynamics?
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