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Chapter 42: Q1Q (page 1301)
The radionuclidedecays by emitting an electron. (a) Into which square in Fig. 42-6 is it transformed? (b) Do further decays then occur?
a) It is transformed into beige square in Fig.42-6.
b) Further decays do occur.
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Suppose the alpha particle in a Rutherford scattering experiment is replaced with a proton of the same initial kinetic energy and also headed directly toward the nucleus of the gold atom. (a) Will the distance from the center of the nucleus at which the proton stops be greater than, less than, or the same as that of the alpha particle? (b) If, instead, we switch the target to a nucleus with a larger value of Z,is the stopping distance of the alpha particle greater than, less than or the same as with the gold target?
How much energy is released when a nucleus decays by emitting (a) an alpha particle and (b) a sequence of neutron, proton, neutron, and proton? (c) Convince yourself both by reasoned argument and by direct calculation that the difference between these two numbers is just the total binding energy of the alpha particle. (d) Find that binding energy. Some needed atomic and particle masses are
The radioactive nuclide can be injected into a patient’s bloodstream in order to monitor the blood flow, measure the blood volume, or find a tumor, among other goals. The nuclide is produced in a hospital by a “cow” containing, a radioactive nuclide that decays towith a half-life of 67h. Once a day, the cow is “milked” for its, which is produced in an excited state by the; thede-excites to its lowest energy state by emitting a gamma-ray photon, which is recorded by detectors placed around the patient. The de-excitation has a half-life of 6.0h. (a) By what process doesdecay to? (b) If a patient is injected with asample of, how many gamma-ray photons are initially produced within the patient each second? (c) If the emission rate of gamma-ray photons from a small tumor that has collected is 38 per second at a certain time, how many excited statesare located in the tumor at that time?
A radiation detector records 8700 counts in 1.00 min. Assuming that the detector records all decays, what is the activity of the radiation source in (a) Becquerel and (b) curies?
Some radionuclides decay by capturing one of their own atomic electrons, a K-shell electron, say. An example is
Show that the disintegration energy Qfor this process is given by
where,andare the atomic masses ofand, respectively, andis the binding energy of the vanadium K-shell electron. (Hint:Putandas the corresponding nuclear masses and then add in enough electrons to use the atomic masses.)
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