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Chapter 42: Q7Q (page 1301)
The nuclideis an alpha-emitter. Into which of the following nuclides does it decay:?
The nuclide will decay into through the alpha decay process.
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The cesium is present in the fallout from aboveground detonations of nuclear bombs. Because it decays with a slow(30.2y)half-life , releasing considerable energy in the process, it is of environmental concern. The atomic masses of the Csand Baare 136.9058 uand, respectively; calculate the total energy released in such a decay.
Cancer cells are more vulnerable to x and gamma radiation than are healthy cells. In the past, the standard source for radiation therapy was radioactive , which decays, with a half-life of 5.27y, into an excited nuclear state of.That nickel isotope then immediately emits two gamma-ray photons, each with an approximate energy of 1.2MeV. How many radioactivenuclei are present in a 6000Cisource of the type used in hospitals? (Energetic particles from linear accelerators are now used in radiation therapy.)
The radionuclide decays according to
The maximum energy of the emitted positrons is 0.960 MeV. (a) Show that the disintegration energy Qfor this process is given by
role="math" localid="1661759171201"
Whereandare the atomic masses ofand, respectively, andis the mass of a positron. (b) Given the mass values,and, calculate Qand compare it with the maximum energy of the emitted positron given above. (Hint:Let andbe the nuclear masses and then add in enough electrons to use the atomic masses.)
Calculate the distance of closest approach for a head-on collision between an 5.30 MeV alpha particle and a copper nucleus.
High-mass radionuclides, which may be either alpha or beta emitters, belong to one of four decay chains, depending on whether their mass number A is of the form 4n, 4n+1, 4n+2, or 4n+3, where n is a positive integer. (a) Justify this statement and show that if a nuclide belongs to one of these families, all its decay products belong to the same family. Classify the following nuclides as to family: (b) (c) localid="1661601960557" (d) (e) localid="1661601429038" (f) localid="1661601438307" (g) localid="1661601952668" (h) localid="1661601482780" (i) and (j) .
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