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Chapter 37: 42P (page 1148)
What is the minimum energy that is required to break a nucleus of 12C (of mass 11.996 71 u) into three nuclei of 4He (of mass 4.001 51 u each)?
The minimum energy to break the nucleus of Carbon nuclei into Helium nuclei is 7.28 MeV.
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A sodium light source moves in a horizontal circle at a constant speed of 0.100c while emitting light at the proper wavelength of . Wavelength is measured for that light by a detector fixed at the center of the circle. What is the wavelength shift ?
Superluminal jets. Figure 37-29a shows the path taken by a knot in a jet of ionized gas that has been expelled from a galaxy. The knot travels at constant velocity at angle from the direction of Earth. The knot occasionally emits a burst of light, which is eventually detected on Earth. Two bursts are indicated in Fig. 37-29a, separated by time as measured in a stationary frame near the bursts. The bursts are shown in Fig. 37-29b as if they were photographed on the same piece of film, first when light from burst 1 arrived on Earth and then later when light from burst 2 arrived. The apparent distance traveled by the knot between the two bursts is the distance across an Earth-observer’s view of the knot’s path. The apparent time between the bursts is the difference in the arrival times of the light from them. The apparent speed of the knot is then . In terms of , , and , what are (a) and (b) ? (c) Evaluate for and . When superluminal (faster than light) jets were first observed, they seemed to defy special relativity—at least until the correct geometry (Fig. 37-29a) was understood.
A spaceship at rest in a certain reference frame S is given a speed increment of 0.50c. Relative to its new rest frame, it is then given a further 0.50c increment. This process is continued until its speed with respect to its original frame S exceeds 0.999c. How many increments does this process require?
A spaceship whose rest length is 350 m has a speed of 0.82c with respect to a certain reference frame. A micrometeorite, also with a speed of 0.82c in this frame, passes the spaceship on an antiparallel track. How long does it take this object to pass the ship as measured on the ship?
An armada of spaceships that is 1.00 ly long (as measured in its rest frame) moves with speed 0.800c relative to a ground station in frame S.A messenger travels from the rear of the armada to the front with a speed of 0.950c relative to S. How long does the trip take as measured (a) in the rest frame of the messenger, (b) in the rest frame of the armada, and (c) by an observer in the ground frame S?
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