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Chapter 19: Q33P (page 579)
The speeds of 10molecules are
.
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Does the temperature of an ideal gas increase, decrease, or stay the same during (a) an isothermal expansion, (b) an expansion at constant pressure, (c) an adiabatic expansion, and (d) an increase in pressure at constant volume?
A quantity of ideal gas at and occupies a volume of.
In an industrial process the volume ofof a monatomic ideal gas is reduced at a uniform rate fromtoinwhile its temperature is increased at a uniform rate fromto. Throughout the process, the gas passes through thermodynamic equilibrium states. What are
(a) the cumulative work done on the gas,
(b) the cumulative energy absorbed by the gas as heat, and
(c) the molar specific heat for the process? (Hint: To evaluate the integral for the work, you might usean indefinite integral.) Suppose the process is replaced with a two-step process that reaches the same final state. In step 1, the gas volume is reduced at constant temperature, and in step 2 the temperature is increased at constant volume. For this process, what are
(d) the cumulative work done on the gas,
(e) the cumulative energy absorbed by the gas as heat,and
(f) the molar specific heat for the process?
When the US submarine Squalus became disabled at a depth of, a cylindrical chamber was lowered from a ship to rescue the crew. The chamber had a radius ofand a height of, was open at the bottom, and held two rescuers. It slid along a guide cable that a diver had attached to a hatch on the submarine. Once the chamber reached the hatch and clamped to the hull, the crew could escape into the chamber. During the descent, air was released from tanks to prevent water from flooding the chamber. Assume that the interior air pressure matched the water pressure at depth h as given byrole="math" localid="1662369677002" , where
is the surface pressure andis the density of sea water.
Assume a surface temperature ofand a submerged water temperature of.
(a) Compute the RMS speed of a nitrogen molecule at 20.0.The molar mass of nitrogen molecules (N2) is given in Table. At what temperatures will the rms speed be (b) half that value and (c) twice that value?
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