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Chapter 3: Problem 44
Will the thermal contact resistance be greater for smooth or rough plain surfaces?
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Cold conditioned air at \(12^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is flowing inside a \(1.5\)-cm- thick square aluminum \((k=237 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K})\) duct of inner cross section \(22 \mathrm{~cm} \times 22 \mathrm{~cm}\) at a mass flow rate of \(0.8 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}\). The duct is exposed to air at \(33^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) with a combined convection-radiation heat transfer coefficient of \(13 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\). The convection heat transfer coefficient at the inner surface is \(75 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\). If the air temperature in the duct should not increase by more than \(1^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) determine the maximum length of the duct.
Circular cooling fins of diameter \(D=1 \mathrm{~mm}\) and length \(L=25.4 \mathrm{~mm}\), made of copper \((k=400 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K})\), are used to enhance heat transfer from a surface that is maintained at temperature \(T_{s 1}=132^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Each rod has one end attached to this surface \((x=0)\), while the opposite end \((x=L)\) is joined to a second surface, which is maintained at \(T_{s 2}=0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The air flowing between the surfaces and the rods is also at \(T_{\infty}=0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), and the convection coefficient is \(h=100 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\). (a) Express the function \(\theta(x)=T(x)-T_{\infty}\) along a fin, and calculate the temperature at \(x=L / 2\). (b) Determine the rate of heat transferred from the hot surface through each fin and the fin effectiveness. Is the use of fins justified? Why? (c) What is the total rate of heat transfer from a \(10-\mathrm{cm}\) by 10 -cm section of the wall, which has 625 uniformly distributed fins? Assume the same convection coefficient for the fin and for the unfinned wall surface.
Steam at \(450^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) is flowing through a steel pipe \(\left(k=8.7 \mathrm{Btu} / \mathrm{h} \cdot \mathrm{ft} \cdot{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)\) whose inner and outer diameters are \(3.5\) in and \(4.0\) in, respectively, in an environment at \(55^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\). The pipe is insulated with 2 -in-thick fiberglass insulation \((k=\) \(\left.0.020 \mathrm{Btu} / \mathrm{h} \cdot \mathrm{ft} \cdot{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)\). If the heat transfer coefficients on the inside and the outside of the pipe are 30 and \(5 \mathrm{Btu} / \mathrm{h} \cdot \mathrm{ft}^{2} \cdot{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\), respectively, determine the rate of heat loss from the steam per foot length of the pipe. What is the error involved in neglecting the thermal resistance of the steel pipe in calculations?
What is a radiant barrier? What kind of materials are suitable for use as radiant barriers? Is it worthwhile to use radiant barriers in the attics of homes?
A 1-cm-diameter, 30-cm-long fin made of aluminum \((k=237 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K})\) is attached to a surface at \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The surface is exposed to ambient air at \(22^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) with a heat transfer coefficient of \(11 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\). If the fin can be assumed to bery long, its efficiency is (a) \(0.60\) (b) \(0.67\) (c) \(0.72\) (d) \(0.77\) (e) \(0.88\)
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