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Chapter 8: Problem 1

WWhich fluid at room temperature requires a larger pump to move at a specified velocity in a given tube: water or engine oil? Why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Engine oil requires a larger pump to move it at a specified velocity in a given tube at room temperature, as it has a higher viscosity than water at room temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Define viscosity

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluid with a high viscosity is thicker and flows less easily than a fluid with a low viscosity.
02

Compare the viscosity of water and engine oil at room temperature

At room temperature (around 25°C or 77°F), the viscosity of water is approximately 0.001 Pa·s (pascal-seconds), while the viscosity of engine oil varies from around 0.05 to 0.5 Pa·s, depending on the type of oil. In general, engine oil has a higher viscosity than water at room temperature.
03

Determine the effect of viscosity on the required pump size

In order to pump a fluid at a specified velocity in a given tube, the pump must provide enough pressure to overcome the fluid's resistance to flow (its viscosity). A fluid with a higher viscosity requires more energy to pump it at the same speed compared to a fluid with a lower viscosity. Therefore, a more powerful (larger) pump is needed to pump fluids with higher viscosities.
04

Conclude which fluid requires a larger pump

Since engine oil has a higher viscosity than water at room temperature, it requires more energy to be pumped at the same specified velocity in a given tube. Thus, a larger pump is required to move engine oil compared to water at room temperature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Someone claims that the volume flow rate in a circular pipe with laminar flow can be determined by measuring the velocity at the centerline in the fully developed region, multiplying it by the cross-sectional area, and dividing the result by 2 . Do you agree? Explain.

A concentric annulus tube has inner and outer diameters of \(25 \mathrm{~mm}\) and \(100 \mathrm{~mm}\), respectively. Liquid water flows at a mass flow rate of \(0.05 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}\) through the annulus with the inlet and outlet mean temperatures of \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), respectively. The inner tube wall is maintained with a constant surface temperature of \(120^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), while the outer tube surface is insulated. Determine the length of the concentric annulus tube. Assume flow is fully developed.

Air ( \(1 \mathrm{~atm})\) enters into a 5 -cm-diameter circular tube at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) with an average velocity of \(5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The tube wall is maintained at a constant surface temperature of \(160^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), and the outlet mean temperature is \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Estimate the length of the tube.

What is hydraulic diameter? How is it defined? What is it equal to for a circular tube of diameter \(D\) ?

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