List the four fundamental interactions of Nature, and discuss their relative strengths and effective ranges.

The four fundamental interactions (forces) of nature are: 1. Gravitational force 2. Electromagnetic force 3. Weak nuclear force 4. Strong nuclear force

It's important to note that each of these forces has a different strength relative to each other. They can be ordered from strongest to weakest as follows: 1. Strong nuclear force 2. Electromagnetic force 3. Weak nuclear force 4. Gravitational force The strong nuclear force is the strongest among all the fundamental forces. It's approximately 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force, about 10^6 times stronger than the weak nuclear force, and around 10^38 times stronger than the gravitational force.

In the context of fundamental interactions, the range refers to the distance over which the force can effectively act on an object. A force with a short range is effective only at very short distances, while a force with a long (infinite) range can act over large distances.

Having defined the concept of range, let's discuss the range of the four fundamental interactions: 1. Gravitational force: The gravitational force has an infinite range. It acts between any two objects with mass, and its strength decreases with the square of the distance between the objects. 2. Electromagnetic force: The electromagnetic force also has an infinite range. It acts between charged particles and, just like gravitational force, its strength decreases with the square of the distance between the particles. 3. Weak nuclear force: This force has a very short range, less than 10^{-18} meters. It's responsible for the decay of subatomic particles, such as during beta decay. 4. Strong nuclear force: The strong nuclear force has a short range, on the order of 10^{-15} meters. It's responsible for binding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom. In summary, the infinite range forces are the electromagnetic and gravitational forces, while the short-range forces are the weak nuclear and strong nuclear forces.