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Chapter 7: Problem 16

Explain what current, resistance, and voltage are.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: In an electrical circuit, the relationship between current, resistance, and voltage is defined by Ohm's law, which states that the current flowing through a conductor (I) is directly proportional to the voltage (V) and inversely proportional to the resistance (R). Mathematically, this is expressed as V = I * R. In a simple electrical circuit, the voltage source provides the force required to push the electric current through the circuit, while the resistance opposes the flow of current. The balance between the applied voltage and resistance determines the strength of the current in the circuit.

Step by step solution

01

1. Definition of Current

Current refers to the flow of electric charge within a conductor or a circuit. It is usually represented by the symbol 'I' and is measured in units called Amperes (A).
02

2. Definition of Resistance

Resistance is the property of a material or device that opposes the flow of electric current. It is represented by the symbol 'R' and is measured in units called Ohms (Ω).
03

3. Definition of Voltage

Voltage, also known as electric potential difference, is the force that pushes electric charges through a conductor. It is represented by the symbol 'V' and is measured in units called Volts (V).
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4. Relationship Between Current, Resistance, and Voltage using Ohm's Law

Ohm's law is a fundamental law in electrical engineering that defines the relationship between current, resistance, and voltage in a simple electrical circuit. The law states that the current flowing through a conductor (I) is directly proportional to the voltage (V) and inversely proportional to the resistance (R). Mathematically, Ohm's law can be expressed as: V = I * R.
05

5. Understanding the Concepts in an Electrical Circuit

In a simple electrical circuit, the voltage source (e.g. a battery) provides the force required to push the electric current through the circuit. The resistance in the circuit, which may be comprised of materials such as resistors or wires, opposes the flow of current. The balance between the voltage applied and the resistance determines the strength of the current in the circuit.
06

6. Real-life Examples

Several common examples of applying these concepts in everyday life include: - A simple AA battery generates a voltage of 1.5V, and if it is connected to a device with a resistance of 5Ω, we can use Ohm's law to determine the current: I = V/R = 1.5V / 5Ω = 0.3A. - When attaching multiple electrical devices to an extension cord, it is essential to ensure that the total resistance from all devices does not cause excessive current flow, which may damage devices or cause a fire.

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