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Chapter 12: Problem 8

Why don't we generally notice the effects of special relativity in our daily lives? Be specific.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The effects of special relativity, such as time dilation and length contraction, are negligible in our daily lives because the speeds of objects we encounter are much slower than the speed of light. At these slower speeds, the relativistic factors in the time dilation and length contraction equations become almost equal to 1, causing no significant differences in time or length measurements. Therefore, we don't notice the effects of special relativity in everyday situations.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Special Relativity

Special relativity, formulated by Albert Einstein, is a physical theory that describes the relationship between space and time for objects moving at constant speeds relative to each other, particularly at speeds close to the speed of light.
02

Time Dilation

Time dilation is the effect where time appears to move slower for an object moving at high speeds relative to an observer who is at rest. This phenomenon is described mathematically as: \(t' = t \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}\) where \(t'\) is the dilated time, \(t\) is the proper time (time measured by the observer), \(v\) is the relative velocity of the object, and \(c\) is the speed of light.
03

Length Contraction

Length contraction is the effect where an object moving at high speeds relative to an observer who is at rest appears to be shorter in the direction of its motion. This phenomenon is described mathematically as: \(L' = L \cdot \sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}\) where \(L'\) is the contracted length, \(L\) is the proper length (length measured by the observer), \(v\) is the relative velocity of the object, and \(c\) is the speed of light.
04

Typical speeds in everyday life

In our daily lives, the speeds of objects we encounter are significantly slower than the speed of light. For example, a typical car travels at speeds up to \(100 \thinspace km/h \approx 27.8 \thinspace m/s\), while the speed of light is approximately \(3 \cdot 10^8 \thinspace m/s\).
05

Applying Special Relativity to everyday life

Since the speeds we experience in everyday life are much slower than the speed of light, the effects of special relativity become negligible. When \(v \ll c\), the terms \(\frac{v^2}{c^2}\) in the time dilation and length contraction equations become very small, making the time dilation and length contraction factors almost equal to 1: \(t' \approx t \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-0}} = t\) \(L' \approx L \cdot \sqrt{1-0} = L\) As a result, we do not notice any significant differences in time or length due to these relativistic effects in our daily lives.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Light travels in water at a speed of \(2.25 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). Is it possible for particles to travel through water at a speed \(v>2.25 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} ?\) Why or why not? Explain.

In the quark model, is it possible to have a baryon with strangeness \(-1\) and electric charge \(+2 ?\) Explain.

Newton wrote: "Absolute, true, and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own Nature, flows equally without relation to anything external." Comment on the significance of this statement for two timekeepers in relative motion. In the light of special relativity, is Newton's statement valid? Explain.

If a horseshoe is heated in a blacksmith's furnace until it glows red hot, does the mass of the horseshoe change? If a spring is stretched to twice its equilibrium length, has its mass been altered in the process? If so, explain how and why in each case.

What is a quark? How many different types of quarks are now known? What are some of the basic propertics that distinguish these quarks?
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