We have studied four different laws authored by Sir Isaac Newton. For each of the following, indicate which law is best for the task described. (a) Calculating the net force on a car as it slows down. (b) Calculating the force exerted on a satellite by Earth. (c) Showing the mathematical relationship between mass and weight. (d) Explaining the direction that a rubber stopper takes after the string that was keeping it moving in a circle overhead is cut. (e) Explaining why a gun recoils when it is fired. (f) Explaining why a wing on an airplane is lifted upward as it moves through the air.

In summary: (a) To calculate the net force on a car as it slows down, Newton's Second Law of Motion, \(F = ma\), is applied as it relates net force to mass and acceleration. (b) The force exerted on a satellite by Earth is calculated using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, \(F = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}\). (c) The mathematical relationship between mass and weight can be demonstrated using Newton's Second Law of Motion (\(F = ma\)) applied to weight (\(F = mg\)). (d) The direction of a rubber stopper after the string is cut can be explained by Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia), stating that it continues to move in a straight line tangent to the circle. (e) The recoil of a gun when fired can be explained by Newton's Third Law of Motion (Action and Reaction), which states that an equal and opposite force is exerted on the gun. (f) The upward lift of a wing on an airplane is explained through Newton's Second Law of Motion (\(F = ma\)), where the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing creates a net upward force.