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Chapter 7: Problem 14

Daterials can be classified into four categories based on the ease with which charges can flow through them. Give the names of these categories and describe each one.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The four categories of materials based on their electrical conductivity are: 1. Conductors (e.g., copper, aluminium, silver, and gold) 2. Insulators (e.g., rubber, plastic, glass, and wood) 3. Semiconductors (e.g., silicon, germanium, and some organic compounds) 4. Superconductors (e.g., yttrium-barium-copper oxide and magnesium diboride)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Categories of Materials

There are four categories of materials based on their ability to conduct electric charges. They are: 1. Conductors 2. Insulators 3. Semiconductors 4. Superconductors
02

Describe Conductors

Conductors are materials that permit the flow of electric charges (usually electrons) with relative ease. These materials have a low resistance and high conductivity. Examples of conductors include metals such as copper, aluminium, silver, and gold.
03

Describe Insulators

Insulators are materials that do not permit the flow of electric charges. They have high resistance and low conductivity, which make them useful in preventing the flow of electricity and protecting electrical components. Examples of insulators include rubber, plastic, glass, and wood.
04

Describe Semiconductors

Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity values between those of conductors and insulators. These materials can be altered to exhibit properties of both insulators and conductors, making them popular in electronic devices. Examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, and some organic compounds.
05

Describe Superconductors

Superconductors are materials that exhibit zero resistance and perfect conductivity when they are cooled below a certain critical temperature. In a superconductive state, the material allows electric charges to flow without any energy loss. Examples of superconductors include some metals, alloys, and ceramic materials, such as yttrium-barium-copper oxide and magnesium diboride.

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