Chapter 12: Q49P (page 564)
Work out the remaining five parts to Eq. 12.118.
Short Answer
All the remaining five parts to equation 12.118 are proved.
Chapter 12: Q49P (page 564)
Work out the remaining five parts to Eq. 12.118.
All the remaining five parts to equation 12.118 are proved.
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Get started for freeA sailboat is manufactured so that the mast leans at an angle with respect to the deck. An observer standing on a dock sees the boat go by at speed v (Fig. 12.14). What angle does this observer say the mast makes?
In the past, most experiments in particle physics involved stationary targets: one particle (usually a proton or an electron) was accelerated to a high energy E, and collided with a target particle at rest (Fig. 12.29a). Far higher relative energies are obtainable (with the same accelerator) if you accelerate both particles to energy E, and fire them at each other (Fig. 12.29b). Classically, the energy of one particle, relative to the other, is just (why?) . . . not much of a gain (only a factor of ). But relativistically the gain can be enormous. Assuming the two particles have the same mass, m, show that
(12.58)
FIGURE 12.29
Suppose you use protons with . What do you get? What multiple of E does this amount to? [Because of this relativistic enhancement, most modern elementary particle experiments involve colliding beams, instead of fixed targets.]
A cop pulls you over and asks what speed you were going. “Well, officer, I cannot tell a lie: the speedometer read .” He gives you a ticket, because the speed limit on this highway is . In court, your lawyer (who, luckily, has studied physics) points out that a car’s speedometer measures proper velocity, whereas the speed limit is ordinary velocity. Guilty, or innocent?
A car is traveling along the line in S (Fig. 12.25), at (ordinary) speed .
(a) Find the components and of the (ordinary) velocity.
(b) Find the componentsrole="math" localid="1658247416805" and of the proper velocity.
(c) Find the zeroth component of the 4-velocity, .
System is moving in the x direction with (ordinary) speed , relative to S. By using the appropriate transformation laws:
(d) Find the (ordinary) velocity components and in .
(e) Find the proper velocity components and in .
(f) As a consistency check, verify that
Suppose you have a collection of particles, all moving in the x direction, with energies . and momenta . Find the velocity of the center of momentum frame, in which the total momentum is zero.
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