Because the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential (Equation 4.188)is spherically symmetric, the Schrödinger equation can be handled by separation of variables in spherical coordinates, as well as cartesian coordinates. Use the power series method to solve the radial equation. Find the recursion formula for the coefficients, and determine the allowed energies. Check your answer against Equation4.189.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The allowed energy isN+32hω.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of matrix.

A matrix is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions that are organised in rows and columns to represent a mathematical object or an attribute of that item.

02

The recursion formula for the coefficients and the allowed energies.

The general radial equation is

ddrr2dRdr-2mr2h2Vr-ETakeur=rRrR=urrdRdr=rdudr-u1r2ddrr2dRdr=rd2udr2Equationbecomes,-h22md2udr2+V+h22mII+1r2u=EuTheaboveequationbecomes-h22mhd2u2+122hξ2+h22mhII+1ξ2u=Eu-hω2d2u2+12hωξ2+hω2II+1ξ2u=Eud2u2+ξ2+I1+1ξ2u=2Eu

Letk=2E-d2u2+ξ2+II+1ξ2-ku=0d2u2=ξ2+II+1ξ2-ku...................2Atlargeξ,thelasttwotermscanbeneglectedcomparedtothefirsttermd2u2=ξ2uToeliminatethedivergence,thesecondtermshouldbezero.Atξ0,equation(2)becomesd2u2=II+1ξ2uThegeneralsolutionisuξ=I+1+-1However,atξ=0,thesecondtermblowsup,Toremovedivergence,takeD=0uξ=t+1

Thesolutionforequation(2)isuξ=vξe-ξ22ξf+1Substitutingintoequation(2)givesV"+2V'I+1ξ-ξ+k-2I-3v=0Tosolvethisbytheseriessolutionmethod,Letvξ=n=0anξnv'ξ=n=1nanξn-1v"ξ=n=2nn-1anξn-2

Usingtheseexpressions,equation(3)becomesn=2nn-1anξn-2+2I+1ξ-ξn=1nanξn-1+k-21-3n=0anξn=0n=2nn-1anξn-2+2I+1n=1nanξn-2-2n=1nanξn+k-21-3n=0anξn=0Changingthedummyindextoproperpower,n=0nn+2n+1an+2ξn+2I+1n=0n+2an+2ξn-2n=0nanξn+k-21-3n=0anξn=0

Bytakinga1=0inthesecondterm,wegetn-0n+2n+1+2I+2an+2ξn=n-02n+2I+3-kanξnComparingthecofficients,n+2n+2I+3an+2=2n+2I+3-kanan+2=2n+2I+3-kn+2n+2I+3an

Toterminatetheseries,themaximumofnshouldexistafterwhichthecofficientsbecome0.Suchthatan+2=02nmax+2I+3-k=0k=2nmax+2I+3Fromk=2Ehω,E=12hωkEn=12hω2nmax+2I+3nmax+I=nEn=hω22n+3=hωn+32En=n+32hω

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Use equations 4.27 4.28 and 4.32 to construct Y00,Y21Check that they are normalized and orthogonal

(a) Prove that for a particle in a potential V(r)the rate of change of the expectation value of the orbital angular momentum L is equal to the expectation value of the torque:

ddt<L>=<N>

Where,

N=r×(VV)

(This is the rotational analog to Ehrenfest's theorem.)

(b) Show that d<L>/dt=0for any spherically symmetric potential. (This is one form of the quantum statement of conservation of angular momentum.)

(a) Apply S_tolocalid="1656131461017" 10>(Equation4.177), and confirm that you getlocalid="1656131442455" 2h1-1>.

(b) ApplyS+to[00>(Equation4.178), and confirm that you get zero.

(c) Show thatlocalid="1656131424007" 11>andlocalid="1656131406083" 1-1>(Equation4.177) are eigenstates ofS2, with the appropriate eigenvalue

The (time-independent) momentum space wave function in three dimensions is defined by the natural generalization of Equation 3.54:

Φ(p,t)=12πhe-ipx/hψ(x,t)dx(3.54).ϕ(p)1(2πh)3/2e-i(p.r)Ihψ(r)d3r.(4.223).

(a)Find the momentum space wave function for the ground state of hydrogen (Equation 4.80). Hint: Use spherical coordinates, setting the polar axis along the direction of p. Do the θ integral first. Answer:

ψ100(r,θ,ϕ)=1πa3e-r/a(4.80).ϕ(p)=1π(2ah)3/21[1+ap/h2]2.(4.224).

(b) Check that Φ(p)is normalized.

(c) Use Φ(p)to calculate <p2>, in the ground state of hydrogen.

(d) What is the expectation value of the kinetic energy in this state? Express your answer as a multiple of E1, and check that it is consistent with the virial theorem (Equation 4.218).

<T>=-En;<V>=2En(4.218).

Work out the spin matrices for arbitrary spin , generalizing spin (Equations 4.145 and 4.147), spin 1 (Problem 4.31), and spin (Problem 4.52). Answer:

Sz=(s0000s-10000s-200000-s)Sx=2(0bs0000bs0bs-10000bs-10bs-20000bs-200000000b-s+10000b-s+10)Sy=2(0-ibs0000ibs0-ibs-10000-ibs-10-ibs-20000-ibs-200000000-ibs+10000-ibs+10)

where,bj(s+j)(s+1-j)
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