Suppose you don’t assume Haa=Hbb=0

(a) Find ca(t)and cb(t) in first-order perturbation theory, for the case

.show that , to first order in .

(b) There is a nicer way to handle this problem. Let

.

Show that

where

So the equations for are identical in structure to Equation 11.17 (with an extra

(c) Use the method in part (b) to obtain in first-order
perturbation theory, and compare your answer to (a). Comment on any discrepancies.

Short Answer

Expert verified

ca2=1-ih0tHaat'dt'1-ih0tHaat'dt'=11-ih0tHaat'dt'2=1ca2=1-ih0tHaat'dt'1-ih0tHaat'dt'=0Soca2+cb2=1tofirstorder

(b) role="math" localid="1658488366910" da=-ihein0tHtdtcbHabeiω0tdb=ein0tHtdtihHbbcb+eih0tHtdtcb

(c) db=ein0tHtdtihHbbcb+eih0tHtdtcb

Step by step solution

01

(a) Finding  ca(t) and cb(t)

ca=-ihcaHaa+cbHabeiω0tcb=-ihcaHaa+cbHabeiω0t

cb=-ihcaHaa+cbHabe-iEb-Ebt/h

cb=-ihcaHaa+cbHabe-iEb-Ebt/h

Initial conditions:cat=1,cb0=0,

Zero order:.

First order:

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A particle starts out (at time t=0 ) in the Nth state of the infinite square well. Now the “floor” of the well rises temporarily (maybe water leaks in, and then drains out again), so that the potential inside is uniform but time dependent:V0(t),withV0(0)=V0(T)=0.

(a) Solve for the exact cm(t), using Equation 11.116, and show that the wave function changes phase, but no transitions occur. Find the phase change, role="math" localid="1658378247097" ϕ(T), in terms of the function V0(t)

(b) Analyze the same problem in first-order perturbation theory, and compare your answers. Compare your answers.
Comment: The same result holds whenever the perturbation simply adds a constant (constant in x, that is, not in to the potential; it has nothing to do with the infinite square well, as such. Compare Problem 1.8.

Magnetic resonance. A spin-1/2 particle with gyromagnetic ratio γ at rest in a static magnetic fieldB0k^ precesses at the Larmor frequencyω0=γB0 (Example 4.3). Now we turn on a small transverse radiofrequency (rf) field,Brf[cos(ωt)ı^sin(ωt)j^]$, so that the total field is

role="math" localid="1659004119542" B=Brfcos(ωt)ı^Brfsin(ωt)j^+B0k^

(a) Construct the 2×2Hamiltonian matrix (Equation 4.158) for this system.

(b) If χ(t)=(a(t)b(t))is the spin state at time t, show that

a˙=i2(Ωeiωtb+ω0a):   b˙=i2(Ωeiωtaω0b)

where ΩγBrfis related to the strength of the rf field.

(c) Check that the general solution fora(t) andb(t) in terms of their initial valuesa0 andb0 is

role="math" localid="1659004637631" a(t)={a0cos(ω't/2)+iω'[a0(ω0ω)+b0Ω]sin(ω't/2)}eiωt/2b(t)={b0cos(ω't/2)+iω'[b0(ωω0)+a0Ω]sin(ω't/2)}eiωt/2

Where

ω'(ωω0)2+Ω2

(d) If the particle starts out with spin up (i.e. a0=1,b0=0,), find the probability of a transition to spin down, as a function of time. Answer:P(t)={Ω2/[(ωω0)2+Ω2]}sin2(ω't/2)

(e) Sketch the resonance curve,

role="math" localid="1659004767993" P(ω)=Ω2(ωω0)2+Ω2,

as a function of the driving frequencyω (for fixed ω0andΩ ). Note that the maximum occurs atω=ω0 Find the "full width at half maximum,"Δω

(f) Since ω0=γB0we can use the experimentally observed resonance to determine the magnetic dipole moment of the particle. In a nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) experiment the factor of the proton is to be measured, using a static field of 10,000 gauss and an rf field of amplitude gauss. What will the resonant frequency be? (See Section for the magnetic moment of the proton.) Find the width of the resonance curve. (Give your answers in Hz.)

A hydrogen atom is placed in a (time-dependent) electric fieldE=E(t)k.calculateallfourmatrixelementsHij,oftheperturbationH,=eEzbetween the ground state (n = 1 ) the (quadruply degenerate) first excited states (n = 2 ) . Also showthatHii,=0 for all five states. Note: There is only one integral to be done here, if you exploit oddness with respect to z; only one of the n = 2 states is “accessible” from the ground state by a perturbation of this form, and therefore the system functions as a two-state configuration—assuming transitions to higher excited states can be ignored.

The half-life of (t1/2)an excited state is the time it would take for half the atoms in a large sample to make a transition. Find the relation betweenrole="math" localid="1658300900358" t1/2andT(the “life time” of the state).

Show that the spontaneous emission rate (Equation 9.56) for a transition from n,lton',l' in hydrogen is

e2ω2l23πo0hc3˙×{l+12l+1ifl'=l+1l2l-1ifl'=l-1

where

l=0r3Rnl(r)Rn'J'(r)dr

(The atom starts out with a specific value of m, and it goes toamyof the state’s mconsistent with the selection rules:m'=m+1,m or m -1 . Notice that the answer is independent of m .) Hint: First calculate all the nonzero matrix elements of x,y,and z between role="math" localid="1658313179553" |n|m>andn'l'm'>for the case . From these, determine the quantity

|n'.1+1.m+1rn|m|2+|n'.1+1,mr|nm|2+|n'.1+1,m-1r|nm|2

Then do the same forl'=l-1.

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