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Chapter 11: Problem 20

Cite three sources of internal residual stresses in metal components. What are two possible adverse consequences of these stresses?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The three sources of internal residual stresses in metal components are mechanical processing, heat treatments, and welding. The two possible adverse consequences of these stresses are a reduction in fatigue life and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC).

Step by step solution

01

Sources of Internal Residual Stresses

There are several sources of internal residual stresses in metal components, but we will focus on three primary ones: 1. Mechanical processing: Processes like forging, rolling, and extrusion can cause localized deformation and introduce residual stresses in the metal component. 2. Heat treatments: Rapid heating and cooling during heat treatment processes such as quenching, tempering, or annealing can introduce temperature gradients and result in inhomogeneous volumetric changes, leading to residual stresses. 3. Welding: Uneven heating and cooling during the welding process leads to localized thermal expansion and contraction, which can cause residual stresses in the welded area.
02

Adverse Consequences of Internal Residual Stresses

Internal residual stresses can have several adverse consequences on the performance of metal components. Here are two possible adverse consequences: 1. Reduction in fatigue life: Residual stresses can lead to early initiation and growth of fatigue cracks, reducing the fatigue life of the component. 2. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC): In a corrosive environment, internally stressed materials are more susceptible to SCC, causing premature failure of the metal component.

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