Sketch cis and trans structures for (a) butadiene, and (b) chloroprene.

In this step, we will sketch the basic butadiene and chloroprene structures without any double bonds. (a) Butadiene: \(C_4H_6\) Draw four carbon atoms connected in a linear chain. Each carbon atom will have two hydrogen atoms, except for the first and last carbon atoms, which will have three hydrogen atoms each. (b) Chloroprene: \(C_4H_5Cl\) Draw a similar structure as butadiene with four carbon atoms connected in a linear chain. This time, one of the hydrogen atoms on the second carbon is replaced by the chlorine substituent. Each carbon atom will have two hydrogen atoms, except for the first and last carbon atoms, which will have three hydrogen atoms.

In this step, we will sketch the cis isomers of butadiene and chloroprene by ensuring that the double bonds are on the same side of the molecule. (a) Butadiene: Draw the double bonds between the first and second, and the third and fourth carbon atoms. Ensure that the double bonds are both on the same side of the molecule. This is the cis butadiene configuration. (b) Chloroprene: Draw the double bonds between the first and second, and the third and fourth carbon atoms. Ensure that the double bonds are both on the same side of the molecule. The chlorine substituent will be on the same side as the double bonds. This is the cis chloroprene configuration.

In this step, we will sketch the trans isomers of butadiene and chloroprene by ensuring that the double bonds are on opposite sides of the molecule. (a) Butadiene: Draw the same butadiene structure from Step 1. Except this time, the double bonds will be on opposite sides of the molecule. The double bond between the first and second carbon atoms should be on one side, while the double bond between the third and fourth carbon atoms should be on the opposite side. This is the trans butadiene configuration. (b) Chloroprene: Draw the same chloroprene structure from Step 1. Except this time, the double bonds will be on opposite sides of the molecule, and the double bond between the first and second carbon atoms should be on the same side as the chlorine substituent. This is the trans chloroprene configuration.