Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 2: Problem 22

What type(s) of bonding would be expected for each of the following materials: solid xenon, calcium fluoride \(\left(\mathrm{CaF}_{2}\right),\) bronze, cadmium tel luride (CdTe), rubber, and tungsten?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Solid xenon has van der Waals forces, calcium fluoride (CaF2) has ionic bonding, bronze has metallic bonding, cadmium telluride (CdTe) has covalent bonding, rubber has covalent bonding with secondary van der Waals forces, and tungsten has metallic bonding.

Step by step solution

01

Solid Xenon

Solid xenon is a noble gas element. Noble gases have a full valence electron shell, which means they don't form bonds under normal conditions. However, when in solid form, they are held together by weak van der Waals forces (also known as London dispersion forces). So, the type of bonding in solid xenon is van der Waals forces.
02

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Calcium fluoride (CaF2) is an ionic compound. This can be deduced because it is formed from the reaction between a metal (calcium, which is in group 2 of the periodic table and has a +2 charge) and a non-metal (fluorine, which is in group 17 of the periodic table and has a -1 charge). The metal transfers its electrons to the non-metal, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions. These ions are held together by electrostatic forces, forming an ionic bond. So, the type of bonding in calcium fluoride (CaF2) is ionic bonding.
03

Bronze

Bronze is an alloy, which is a mixture of metals. Specifically, it is composed mainly of copper and tin. Metals are characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons that can move freely throughout the metal lattice. The metallic bond arises from the electrostatic attraction between these free electrons and the positively charged metal cations. Therefore, the type of bonding in bronze is metallic bonding.
04

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a compound formed by a metal (cadmium) and a non-metal (telluride). However, unlike ionic compounds, compounds formed by a metal and a non-metal from the same side of the periodic table tend to form covalent bonds. In the case of CdTe, each atom shares electrons with the other, resulting in a covalent bond. So, the type of bonding in cadmium telluride (CdTe) is covalent bonding.
05

Rubber

Rubber is a polymer, which is made up of long chains of repeating units. These chains are held together by covalent bonds. Between the chains, however, there are weak van der Waals forces that help maintain the material's structure. So, the primary type of bonding in rubber is covalent bonding, with secondary van der Waals forces.
06

Tungsten

Tungsten is a metal. As we have previously discussed, metals are characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons and the metallic bond arises from the electrostatic attraction between these free electrons and the positively charged metal cations. Therefore, the type of bonding in tungsten is metallic bonding.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) How many grams are there in one amu of a material? (b) Mole, in the context of this book, is taken in units of gram-mole. On this basis, how many atoms are there in a pound-mole of a substance?

(a) Briefly cite the main differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding. (b) State the Pauli exclusion principle.

Compute the percentage ionic character of the interatomic bond for each of the following compounds: \(\mathrm{MgO}, \mathrm{GaP}, \mathrm{CsF}, \mathrm{CdS},\) and \(\mathrm{FeO}\)

Give the electron configurations for the following ions: \(\mathrm{P}^{5+}, \mathrm{P}^{3-}, \mathrm{Sn}^{4+}, \mathrm{Se}^{2-}, \mathrm{I}^{-},\) and \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\)

To what group in the periodic table would an element with atomic number 112 belong?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Physics Textbooks

Fundamentals of Physics

Read Explanation

Turning Points in Physics

Read Explanation

Kinematics Physics

Read Explanation

Dynamics

Read Explanation

Astrophysics

Read Explanation

Wave Optics

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free