Niobium forms a substitutional solid solution with vanadium. Compute the number of niobium atoms per cubic centimeter for a niobium-vanadium alloy that contains 24 wt\% \(\mathrm{Nb}\) and \(76 \mathrm{wt} \% \mathrm{V}\). The densities of pure niobium and vanadium are 8.57 and 6.10 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3},\) respectively .

Short Answer

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Question: Calculate the number of niobium atoms in one cubic centimeter of a niobium-vanadium alloy containing 24 wt% niobium and 76 wt% vanadium. The densities of pure niobium and vanadium are 8.57 g/cm³ and 6.10 g/cm³ respectively. The molar mass of niobium is 92.906 g/mol and Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10^23 mol^(-1). Answer: To calculate the number of niobium atoms in one cubic centimeter of the alloy, we first determine the mass of niobium and vanadium in one cubic centimeter of the alloy using the given densities and wt%. Then, we calculate the volume fractions of niobium and vanadium. Next, we find the mass of one cubic centimeter of the alloy. Finally, we divide the mass of niobium in one cubic centimeter of the alloy by the molar mass of niobium and multiply by Avogadro's number to obtain the number of niobium atoms per cubic centimeter of the alloy.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the mass of niobium and vanadium in one cubic centimeter of the alloy

First, we need to find the mass of niobium and vanadium in one cubic centimeter of the alloy, using the densities of pure niobium and vanadium given in the problem. Since the alloy contains 24 wt% niobium and 76 wt% vanadium, we can write: Mass of Nb in 1 cm³ of the alloy = density(Nb) * volume(Nb) * wt%(Nb) Mass of V in 1 cm³ of the alloy = density(V) * volume(V) * wt%(V) We know the densities of pure Nb and V, so we can write: Mass of Nb in 1 cm³ of the alloy = 8.57 g/cm³ * volume(Nb) * 0.24 Mass of V in 1 cm³ of the alloy = 6.10 g/cm³ * volume(V) * 0.76 Since the sum of the volumes of niobium and vanadium equals the total volume of the alloy (1 cubic centimeter), we have: volume(Nb) + volume(V) = 1 cm³
02

Calculate the volume fractions of niobium and vanadium

Now we can calculate the volume fractions of Nb and V in the alloy by dividing the mass of each element by its density: volume(Nb) = Mass of Nb in 1 cm³ of the alloy / density(Nb) = 0.24 * timeval(EXPR=8.57^{-1}) volume(V) = Mass of V in 1 cm³ of the alloy / density(V) = 0.76 * timeval(EXPR=6.10^{-1})
03

Find the mass of one cubic centimeter of the alloy

Next, we can find the mass of one cubic centimeter of the alloy by using the volume fractions calculated in step 2 and the densities of Nb and V: Mass of 1 cm³ alloy = density(Nb) * volume(Nb) + density(V) * volume(V)
04

Calculate the number of niobium atoms per cubic centimeter of the alloy

To find the number of niobium atoms per cubic centimeter of the alloy, we will divide the mass of niobium in one cubic centimeter of the alloy by the molar mass of niobium and then multiply by Avogadro's number: Number of Nb atoms in 1 cm³ of the alloy = (Mass of Nb in 1 cm³ of the alloy / molar mass of Nb) * Avogadro's number The molar mass of niobium is 92.906 g/mol and Avogadro's number is 6.022 * 10^23 mol^(-1). Using these values: Number of Nb atoms in 1 cm³ of the alloy = (Mass of Nb in 1 cm³ of the alloy / 92.906 g/mol) * 6.022 * 10^23 mol^(-1)

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