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Chapter 10: Problem 1

Name the two stages involved in the formation of particles of a new phase. Briefly describe each.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The two stages involved in the formation of particles of a new phase are nucleation and growth. Nucleation is the initial clustering of molecules or atoms to create a stable nucleus, while growth involves additional molecules or atoms attaching to the nucleus, creating larger particles of the new phase.

Step by step solution

01

Stage 1: Nucleation

Nucleation is the first stage in the formation of particles of a new phase. At this stage, a small part of the new phase (called a nucleus) starts to form amidst the existing phase, usually under specific conditions such as changes in temperature, pressure, or composition. It involves the initial clustering of molecules or atoms, overcoming an energy barrier to create a stable nucleus. This process can be homogeneous, meaning it occurs uniformly throughout the system, or heterogeneous, meaning it occurs at specific sites such as on surface imperfections or inclusions.
02

Stage 2: Growth

Growth is the second stage in the formation of particles of a new phase. Once the nucleus is stable, additional molecules or atoms begin to attach to the nucleus and create larger particles of the new phase. This process occurs by means of diffusion, where atoms or molecules in the existing phase move towards the nucleus of the new phase and deposit onto it. The growth stage consists of the development and expansion of these nuclei until they eventually form the new phase, which can lead to phase separation or transformations in the system.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name the microstructural products of eutectoid iron-carbon alloy \((0.76 \mathrm{wt} \% \mathrm{C})\) specimens that are first completely transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at the following rates: (a) \(200^{\circ} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{s}\), (b) \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{s}\), and (c) \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{s}\).

For some transformation having kinetics that obey the Avrami equation (Equation 10.17), the parameter \(n\) is known to have a value of 1.7. If, after \(100 \mathrm{~s}\), the reaction is \(50 \%\) complete, how long (total time) will it take the transformation to go to \(99 \%\) completion?

Briefly cite the differences between pearlite, bainite, and spheroidite relative to microstructure and mechanical properties.

What is the driving force for the formation of spheroidite?

Briefly describe the simplest continuous cooling heat treatment procedure that would be used in converting a 4340 steel from one microstructure to another. (a) (Martensite + bainite) to (ferrite + pearlite) (b) (Martensite + bainite) to spheroidite (c) (Martensite + bainite) to (martensite + bainite \(+\) ferrite)
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