(a) List the four classifications of steels. (b) For each, briefly describe the properties and typical applications.

Question: List the four classifications of steels and briefly describe their properties and typical applications. Answer: The four classifications of steels are: 1. Carbon Steels: These steels contain only carbon as a major alloying element and have properties like malleability, ductility, strength, and good machinability and weldability. They are typically used for structural components, automotive parts, and pipes. 2. Alloy Steels: Containing additional elements such as nickel, chromium, and molybdenum, alloy steels have increased strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. Common applications include gears, shafts, and machine components. 3. Stainless Steels: These steels have at least 10.5% chromium content and exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, formability, weldability, and a high strength-to-weight ratio. They are often used in cutlery, kitchenware, medical instruments, and architectural structures. 4. Tool Steels: High-carbon steels with alloying elements like tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium, tool steels possess high hardness, wear resistance, and improved performance at high temperatures. They are typically used for cutting tools, forming tools, and plastic injection molds.