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Chapter 13: Problem 11

Compare the temperatures at which sodalime, borosilicate, \(96 \%\) silica, and fused silica may be annealed.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Fused silica glass has the highest annealing temperature at 1100°C, while sodalime glass has the lowest at 550°C.

Step by step solution

01

Research Annealing Temperatures

To compare the annealing temperatures, we need to know the approximate temperatures at which each type of glass may be annealed. From a quick search in literature or textbooks, we can find these values: - Sodalime glass: \(550°C\) - Borosilicate glass: \(560°C\) - \(96 \%\) Silica glass: \(1050°C\) - Fused silica glass: \(1100°C\)
02

Compare the Annealing Temperatures

Now that we know the annealing temperature for each type of glass, we can arrange them in order from lowest to highest and compare them: 1. Sodalime glass: \(550°C\) 2. Borosilicate glass: \(560°C\) 3. \(96 \%\) Silica glass: \(1050°C\) 4. Fused silica glass: \(1100°C\) From this comparison, we can see that fused silica has the highest annealing temperature at \(1100°C\), while sodalime glass has the lowest at \(550°C\). The annealing temperatures of borosilicate glass and \(96 \%\) silica glass are in between these two values, at \(560°C\) and \(1050°C\), respectively.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For refractory ceramic materials, cite three characteristics that improve with and two characteristics that are adversely affected by increasing porosity.

(a) Explain why residual thermal stresses are introduced into a glass piece when it is cooled. (b) Are thermal stresses introduced upon heating? Why or why not?

For the \(\mathrm{MgO}-\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) system, what is the maximum temperature that is possible without the formation of a liquid phase? At what composition or over what range of compositions will this maximum temperature be achieved?

The viscosity \(\eta\) of a glass varies with temperature according to the relationship $$ \eta=A \exp \left(\frac{Q_{\mathrm{vis}}}{R T}\right) $$ where \(Q_{\text {vis }}\) is the energy of activation for viscous flow, \(A\) is a temperature-independent constant, and \(R\) and \(T\) are, respectively, the gas constant and the absolute temperature. A plot of \(\ln \eta\) versus \(1 / T\) should be nearly linear, and with a slope of \(Q_{\text {vis }} / R\). Using the data in Figure 13.7, (a) make such a plot for the borosilicate glass, and (b) determine the activation energy between temperatures of 500 and \(900^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

(a) Name three factors that influence the degree to which vitrification occurs in claybased ceramic wares. (b) Explain how density, firing distortion, strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal conductivity are affected by the extent of vitrification.
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