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Chapter 14: Problem 1

On the basis of the structures presented in this chapter, sketch repeat unit structures for the following polymers: (a) polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and (b) poly(vinyl alcohol).

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: a) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene: \[-CH(=CFCl)-CF_2-\] b) Poly(vinyl alcohol): \[-CH_2-CH(OH)-\]

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the monomer for polychlorotrifluoroethylene

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene is formed from the monomer chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The IUPAC name for chlorotrifluoroethylene is 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene. The molecular formula for this monomer is C2ClF3.
02

Sketching the repeat unit structure for polychlorotrifluoroethylene

To sketch the repeat unit structure, we connect the monomer units, removing one of the double bonds in the process. The repeat unit for polychlorotrifluoroethylene is: \[-CH(=CFCl)-CF_2-\] Now, let's move to the second polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol).
03

Identifying the monomer for poly(vinyl alcohol)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) is formed from the monomer vinyl alcohol. The IUPAC name for vinyl alcohol is ethenol. The molecular formula for this monomer is C2H4O. However, it's important to note that vinyl alcohol tautomerizes to its more stable form, acetaldehyde (C2H4O), and the actual polymerization process uses vinyl acetate (C4H6O2) as the initial monomer, followed by hydrolysis.
04

Sketching the repeat unit structure for poly(vinyl alcohol)

To sketch the repeat unit structure, we first show the process of vinyl acetate polymerization, followed by hydrolysis. The repeat unit for poly(vinyl alcohol) is: \[-CH_2-CH(OH)-\] In summary, the repeat unit structures for the given polymers are: a) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene: \[-CH(=CFCl)-CF_2-\] b) Poly(vinyl alcohol): \[-CH_2-CH(OH)-\]

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the number-average molecular weight of a random nitrile rubber [poly (acrylonitrile-butadiene) copolymer] in which the fraction of butadiene repeat units is \(0.30\) assume that this concentration corresponds to a degree of polymerization of 2000 .

The density and associated percent crystallinity for two polytetrafluoroethylene materials are as follows: \begin{tabular}{cc} \hline\(\rho\left(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\right)\) & crystallinity \((\%)\) \\\ \hline \(2.144\) & \(51.3\) \\ \(2.215\) & \(74.2\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} (a) Compute the densities of totally crystalline and totally amorphous polytetrafluoroethylene. (b) Determine the percent crystallinity of a specimen having a density of \(2.26 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\).

(a) Compute the repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene. (b) Compute the number-average molecular weight for a polystyrene for which the degree of polymerization is 25,000 .

Molecular weight data for some polymer are tabulated here. Compute (a) the number- average molecular weight and (b) the weightaverage molecular weight. (c) If it is known that this material's degree of polymerization is 710 , which one of the polymers listed in Table \(14.3\) is this polymer? Why? \begin{tabular}{rcc} \hline \multicolumn{3}{|c}{ Molecular Weight Range \((g /\) mol \()\)} & \(\boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}}\) & \(\boldsymbol{w}_{\boldsymbol{i}}\) \\ \hline \(15,000-30,000\) & \(0.04\) & \(0.01\) \\ \(30,000-45,000\) & \(0.07\) & \(0.04\) \\ \(45,000-60,000\) & \(0.16\) & \(0.11\) \\ \(60,000-75,000\) & \(0.26\) & \(0.24\) \\ \(75,000-90,000\) & \(0.24\) & \(0.27\) \\ \(90,000-105,000\) & \(0.12\) & \(0.16\) \\ \(105,000-120,000\) & \(0.08\) & \(0.12\) \\ \(120,000-135,000\) & \(0.03\) & \(0.05\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}

Make comparisons of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers (a) on the basis of mechanical characteristics upon heating and (b) according to possible molecular structures.
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