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Chapter 14: Problem 23

For each of the following pairs of polymers, do the following: (1) state whether it is possible to determine whether one polymer is more likely to crystallize than the other; (2) if it is possible, note which is the more likely and then cite reason(s) for your choice; and (3) if it is not possible to decide, then state why. (a) Linear and syndiotactic poly(vinyl chloride); linear and isotactic polystyrene (b) Network phenol-formaldehyde; linear and heavily crosslinked \(c i s\)-isoprene (c) Linear polyethylene; lightly branched isotactic polypropylene (d) Alternating poly(styrene-ethylene) copolymer; random poly(vinyl chloridetetrafluoroethylene) copolymer

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Linear and isotactic polypropylene is more likely to crystallize compared to linear and atactic poly(vinyl chloride) because of its more regular and ordered structure.

Step by step solution

01

Compare Linear and Atactic Poly(vinyl Chloride) with Linear and Isotactic Polypropylene#

In this case, we have two different polymers: linear and atactic poly(vinyl chloride) and linear and isotactic polypropylene. Comparing these two polymers, we can see that they have different structures. Linear and atactic poly(vinyl chloride) has a more random configuration due to the atactic arrangement of the vinyl chloride monomers, while linear and isotactic polypropylene has a more regular and ordered structure due to the isotactic arrangement of the propylene monomers.
02

Determine the More Likely Polymer to Crystallize#

Polymers with regular and ordered structures are more likely to crystallize than those with random structures. In this case, linear and isotactic polypropylene is more likely to crystallize compared to linear and atactic poly(vinyl chloride) because of its more regular and ordered structure. #(b) Linear and syndiotactic polypropylene; crosslinked cis-polyisoprene#
03

Compare Linear and Syndiotactic Polypropylene with Crosslinked cis-Polyisoprene#

In this case, we are comparing linear and syndiotactic polypropylene with crosslinked cis-polyisoprene. The linear and syndiotactic polypropylene has a regular and ordered structure due to the syndiotactic arrangement of the propylene monomers, while crosslinked cis-polyisoprene has a network structure formed by crosslinking the isoprene monomers.
04

Determine the More Likely Polymer to Crystallize#

Polymers with ordered and regular structures are more likely to crystallize than those with network structures. In this case, linear and syndiotactic polypropylene is more likely to crystallize compared to crosslinked cis-polyisoprene because of its more regular and ordered structure. #(c) Network phenol-formaldehyde; linear and isotactic polystyrene#
05

Compare Network Phenol-Formaldehyde with Linear and Isotactic Polystyrene#

In this case, we are comparing network phenol-formaldehyde with linear and isotactic polystyrene. Network phenol-formaldehyde has a network structure due to the formation of multiple covalent bonds between phenol and formaldehyde, while linear and isotactic polystyrene has a regular and ordered structure due to the isotactic arrangement of styrene monomers.
06

Determine the More Likely Polymer to Crystallize#

Polymers with ordered and regular structures are more likely to crystallize than those with network structures. In this case, linear and isotactic polystyrene is more likely to crystallize compared to network phenol-formaldehyde because of its more regular and ordered structure. #(d) Block poly(acrylonitrile-isoprene) copolymer; graft poly(chloroprene-isobutylene) copolymer#
07

Compare Block Poly(acrylonitrile-isoprene) Copolymer with Graft Poly(chloroprene-isobutylene) Copolymer#

In this case, we are comparing block poly(acrylonitrile-isoprene) copolymer with graft poly(chloroprene-isobutylene) copolymer. Both these polymers are copolymers but have different arrangements. The block poly(acrylonitrile-isoprene) copolymer has a covalent bond between two separate polymer chains, whereas the graft poly(chloroprene-isobutylene) copolymer has branches of chloroprene monomers grafted onto the isobutylene backbone.
08

Determining if it's Possible to Decide Which Polymer will Crystallize More#

In this case, it's not possible to determine which polymer is more likely to crystallize because the crystallization behavior of copolymers depends on a variety of factors, such as the degree of compatibility between different monomers and the overall structure of the copolymer. A detailed analysis of these factors and their interplay would be required to confidently determine which copolymer would be more likely to crystallize.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Argon diffuses through a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheet \(40 \mathrm{~mm}\) thick at a rate of \(4.0 \times 10^{-7}\left(\mathrm{~cm}^{3} \mathrm{STP}\right) / \mathrm{cm}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{s}\) at \(325 \mathrm{~K}\). The pressures of argon at the two faces are \(5000 \mathrm{kPa}\) and \(1500 \mathrm{kPa}\), which are maintained constant. Assuming conditions of steady state, what is the permeability coefficient at \(325 \mathrm{~K}\) ?

Is it possible to have a poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymer with the following molecular weight data and a degree of polymerization of \(527 ?\) Why or why not? \begin{tabular}{lcc} \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{ Molecular Weight Range \((\mathrm{g} /\) mol \()\)} & \(\boldsymbol{w}_{i}\) & \(\boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}}\) \\ \hline \(8,000-20,000\) & \(0.02\) & \(0.05\) \\ \(20,000-32,000\) & \(0.08\) & \(0.15\) \\ \(32,000-44,000\) & \(0.17\) & \(0.21\) \\ \(44,000-56,000\) & \(0.29\) & \(0.28\) \\ \(56,000-68,000\) & \(0.23\) & \(0.18\) \\ \(68,000-80,000\) & \(0.16\) & \(0.10\) \\ \(80,000-92,000\) & \(0.05\) & \(0.03\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}

(a) Is it possible to grind up and reuse phenol-formaldehyde? Why or why not? (b) Is it possible to grind up and reuse polypropylene? Why or why not?

(a) Compute the repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene. (b) Compute the number-average molecular weight for a polystyrene for which the degree of polymerization is 25,000 .

High-density polyethylene may be chlorinated by inducing the random substitution of chlorine atoms for hydrogen. (a) Determine the concentration of \(\mathrm{Cl}\) (in wt \(\%\) ) that must be added if this substitution occurs for \(5 \%\) of all the original hydrogen atoms. (b) In what ways does this chlorinated polyethylene differ from poly(vinyl chloride)?
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