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Chapter 15: Problem 43

Cite four factors that determine what fabrication technique is used to form polymeric materials.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The four factors influencing the choice of fabrication technique for polymeric materials are 1) desired properties of the final product, 2) production volume, 3) geometric complexity, and 4) cost considerations.

Step by step solution

01

Factor 1: Desired properties of the final product

The final properties of the polymeric material, such as mechanical strength, elasticity, or thermal resistance, are essential in choosing the fabrication technique. Certain techniques are better suited for producing polymers with specific properties. For instance, injection molding is typically used to produce high-strength, complex-shaped parts, while extrusion is more suitable for creating products with uniform cross-sections.
02

Factor 2: Production volume

The choice of fabrication technique also depends on the quantity of polymeric material that needs to be produced. Some methods, such as injection molding, are well-suited for mass production due to their low cycle times and high production rates. In contrast, prototyping or small-scale production may require the use of techniques like 3D printing, which allows for greater design flexibility and relatively fast production of individual parts.
03

Factor 3: Geometric complexity

The complexity of the product's shape and the level of detail required in the final product also play a role in determining the most appropriate fabrication technique. Techniques such as injection molding and blow molding can produce complex-shaped parts relatively easily, but may not be suitable for extremely intricate designs. In such cases, other methods like 3D printing or CNC machining may be more appropriate.
04

Factor 4: Cost considerations

The costs associated with different fabrication techniques can vary significantly, and this plays a crucial role in determining the best method for producing polymeric materials. For instance, injection molding requires a high initial investment in molds and machinery but has lower per-unit costs in mass production. In contrast, 3D printing has relatively low startup costs but higher per-unit costs. The choice of the fabrication technique will depend on the budget constraints of the project and the required production volume.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The vulcanization of polyisoprene is accomplished with sulfur atoms according to Equation 15.4. If \(57 \mathrm{wt} \%\) sulfur is combined with polyisoprene, how many crosslinks will be associated with each isoprene repeat unit if it is assumed that, on the average, six sulfur atoms participate in each crosslink?

Briefly explain how each of the following influences the tensile or yield strength of a semicrystalline polymer and why: (a) Molecular weight (b) Degree of crystallinity (c) Deformation by drawing (d) Annealing of an undeformed material

For some viscoelastic polymers that are subjected to stress relaxation tests, the stress decays with time according to $$ \sigma(t)=\sigma(0) \exp \left(-\frac{t}{\tau}\right) $$ where \(\sigma(t)\) and \(\sigma(0)\) represent the timedependent and initial (i.e., time \(=0\) ) stresses, respectively, and \(t\) and \(\tau\) denote elapsed time and the relaxation time; \(\tau\) is a timeindependent constant characteristic of the material. A specimen of a viscoelastic polymer whose stress relaxation obeys Equation \(15.10\) was suddenly pulled in tension to a measured strain of \(0.6\); the stress necessary to maintain this constant strain was measured as a function of time. Determine \(E_{r}(10)\) for this material if the initial stress level was \(2.76\) MPa (400 psi), which dropped to \(1.72 \mathrm{MPa}\) (250 psi) after \(60 \mathrm{~s}\).

List two important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in fiber applications.

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