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Chapter 16: Problem 5

16.5 Cite one similarity and two differences between precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: One similarity between precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening is that both processes increase the strength and hardness of materials by impeding dislocation movement through the presence of fine particles within the material's matrix. The first difference is in their process and mechanism: precipitation hardening uses heat treatments to create particles within the material, while dispersion strengthening introduces particles through powder metallurgy techniques. Another difference is their application and materials: precipitation hardening is commonly used with aluminum, magnesium, and certain stainless steel alloys in aircraft components, automotive parts, and high-performance fasteners, whereas dispersion strengthening can be applied to a broader range of materials, including ceramics, metals, and polymers in cutting tools, electrical contacts, and high-temperature turbine components.

Step by step solution

01

Overview of Precipitation Hardening

Precipitation hardening, also known as age hardening, is a heat treatment process that uses a controlled process of precipitation to increase the strength and hardness of certain alloys. This method involves three steps: 1) heating the alloy to a high temperature (solutionizing), 2) quenching the alloy to room temperature to create a supersaturated solid solution, and 3) aging the alloy to allow the precipitation of fine particles, which impede dislocation movement and increase the strength of the material.
02

Overview of Dispersion Strengthening

Dispersion strengthening is a process of strengthening a material by introducing fine, uniformly dispersed particles within the material's matrix. These particles act as obstacles to dislocation movement and result in increased strength and hardness. Dispersion strengthening is commonly achieved by powder metallurgy techniques, where a powdered metal is combined with a strengthening component, which is then compressed and sintered to create a solid material with the desired properties.
03

Similarity between Precipitation Hardening and Dispersion Strengthening

The primary similarity between precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening is that both processes are aimed at increasing the strength and hardness of materials by impeding dislocation movement. In both processes, this is accomplished by the presence of fine particles within the material's matrix. These particles obstruct the dislocations, making it more difficult for them to move, resulting in a material with increased strength and hardness.
04

Difference 1: Process and Mechanism

One significant difference between precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening is the process and mechanism through which the particles are introduced into the material. In precipitation hardening, the particles are created within the material as a result of controlled heat treatments, causing the precipitation of a secondary phase. On the other hand, in dispersion strengthening, the particles are introduced into the material through powder metallurgy techniques, combining a powdered metal with a strengthening component and then compacting and sintering the material to form the desired solid material.
05

Difference 2: Application and Materials

Another difference between precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening is the range of materials and applications for which each process is suitable. Precipitation hardening is most commonly used with aluminum, magnesium, and certain stainless steel alloys. This process is commonly employed in aircraft components, automotive parts, and high-performance fasteners. Dispersion strengthening, on the other hand, can be applied to a broader range of materials, including ceramics, metals, and even polymers. It can be used in applications such as cutting tools, electrical contacts, and high-temperature turbine components.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

16.25 (a) What is a hybrid composite? (b) List two important advantages of hybrid composites over normal fiber composites.

\(16.18\) (a) From the moduli of elasticity data in Table \(16.2\) for glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate composites, determine the value of the fiber efficiency parameter for each of 20,30 , and 40 vol\% fibers. (b) Estimate the modulus of elasticity for 50 vol \% glass fibers.

.16.26 (a) Write an expression for the modulus of elasticity for a hybrid composite in which all fibers of both types are oriented in the same direction. (b) Using this expression, compute the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of a hybrid composite consisting of aramid and glass fibers in volume fractions of \(0.30\) and \(0.40\), respectively, within a polyester resin matrix \(\left[E_{m}=2.5 \mathrm{GPa}\left(3.6 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{psi}\right)\right]\)

Cite the distinction between carbon and graphite.

16.28 Briefly describe pultrusion, filament winding, and prepreg production fabrication processes; cite the advantages and disadvantages of each.
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