Chapter 21: Problem 2
Distinguish between materials that are opaque, translucent, and transparent in terms of their appearance and light transmittance.
Chapter 21: Problem 2
Distinguish between materials that are opaque, translucent, and transparent in terms of their appearance and light transmittance.
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Get started for freeThe index of refraction of corundum \(\left(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)\) is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. Calculate the reflectivity at the boundary if the indices of refraction for the two grains are \(1.757\) and \(1.779\) in the direction of light propagation.
Compute the velocity of light in calcium fluoride \(\left(\mathrm{CaF}_{2}\right)\), which has a dielectric constant \(\epsilon_{r}\) of \(2.056\) (at frequencies within the visible range) and a magnetic susceptibility of \(-1.43 \times 10^{-5}\)
Visible light having a wavelength of \(6 \times 10^{-7}\) \(\mathrm{m}\) appears orange. Compute the frequency. and energy of a photon of this light.
The fraction of nonreflected radiation that is transmitted through a \(10-\mathrm{mm}\) thickness of a transparent material is \(0.90\). If the thickness is increased to \(20 \mathrm{~mm}\), what fraction of light will be transmitted?
In your own words, describe how a ruby laser operates.
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