Steady-state creep rate data are given in the following table for nickel at \(1000^{\circ} \mathrm{C}(1273 \mathrm{~K})\) : $$ \begin{array}{cc} \hline \dot{\epsilon}_{s}\left(\boldsymbol{s}^{-1}\right) & \boldsymbol{\sigma}[\boldsymbol{M P a}(\boldsymbol{p s i})] \\ \hline 10^{-4} & 15(2175) \\ 10^{-6} & 4.5(650) \\ \hline \end{array} $$ If it is known that the activation energy for creep is \(272,000 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol}\), compute the steady-state creep rate at a temperature of \(850^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (1123 K) and a stress level of \(25 \mathrm{MPa}\) (3625 psi).

Short Answer

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Based on the step by step solution given above, calculate the steady-state creep rate at a temperature of 850°C (1123 K) and a stress level of 25 MPa (3625 psi).

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the stress exponent (n)

Using the given data, we can write the steady-state creep rate equation as: $$ \frac{\dot{\epsilon}_{s1}}{\dot{\epsilon}_{s2}} = \left(\frac{\sigma_1}{\sigma_2}\right)^n $$ where \(\dot{\epsilon}_{s1}\) and \(\dot{\epsilon}_{s2}\) are the steady-state creep rates at stress levels \(\sigma_1\) and \(\sigma_2\) respectively, and n is the stress exponent. Plugging in the provided data from the table: $$ \frac{10^{-4}}{10^{-6}} = \left(\frac{15}{4.5}\right)^n $$ Solving for n would give us the stress exponent.
02

Determine the stress exponent (n)

From Step 1, we now need to solve the equation: $$ \frac{10^{-4}}{10^{-6}} = \left(\frac{15}{4.5}\right)^n $$ Simplifying and going through a logarithm we get: $$ n = \frac{log(100)}{log(\frac{15}{4.5})} $$ Calculate the value of n and save it for the following steps.
03

Find the steady-state creep rate (Arrhenius equation)

The Arrhenius equation is given as: $$ \dot{\epsilon}_{s} = A\sigma^n \exp \left(-\frac{Q}{RT}\right) $$ where \(\dot{\epsilon}_{s}\) is the steady-state creep rate, A is a material constant, σ is the stress level, n is the stress exponent, Q is the activation energy, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin. We know the steady-state creep rates, stress levels, activation energy, and temperature for the given data, along with the stress exponent we found in Step 2. Now we need to find the constant A. Using the data from the table, let's choose the first row and plug in all the values to find A: $$ 10^{-4} = A \times 15^n \times \exp\left(-\frac{272000}{8.314\times1273}\right) $$ Solve for A, and save it for use in the next step.
04

Calculate the steady-state creep rate at 1123 K and 25 MPa stress level

Now, using the activation energy Q, stress exponent n, and material constant A calculated in previous steps, along with the given temperature T = 1123 K and stress level of \(\sigma = 25 \,\text{MPa}\), we can calculate the steady-state creep rate using the Arrhenius equation: $$ \dot{\epsilon}_{s} = A\sigma^n \exp \left(-\frac{Q}{RT}\right) $$ Plug in all the known values, and solve for \(\dot{\epsilon}_{s}\) (the steady-state creep rate). Once you have the value, you have successfully solved the exercise.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A structural component in the form of a wide plate is to be fabricated from a steel alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of \(77.0 \mathrm{MPa} \sqrt{\mathrm{m}}\left(70.1 \mathrm{ksi} \sqrt{\mathrm{in}}_{\alpha}\right)\) and a yield strength of \(1400 \mathrm{MPa}(205,000 \mathrm{psi})\). The flaw size resolution limit of the flaw detection apparatus is \(4.0 \mathrm{~mm}\) (0.16 in.). If the design stress is one-half of the yield strength and the value of \(Y\) is \(1.0\), determine whether a critical flaw for this plate is subject to detection.

Cite three metallurgical/processing techniques that are employed to enhance the creep resistance of metal alloys.

A large plate is fabricated from a steel alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of \(55 \mathrm{MPa} \sqrt{\mathrm{m}}(50 \mathrm{ksi} \sqrt{\mathrm{in} .})\). If, during service use, the plate is exposed to a tensile stress of \(200 \mathrm{MPa}(29,000 \mathrm{psi})\), determine the minimum length of a surface crack that will lead to fracture. Assume a value of \(1.0\) for \(Y\).

Following is tabulated data that were gathered from a series of Charpy impact tests on a ductile cast iron. $$ \begin{array}{cc} \hline \text { Temperature }\left({ }^{\circ} \boldsymbol{C}\right) & \text { Impact Energy }(\boldsymbol{J}) \\ \hline-25 & 124 \\ -50 & 123 \\ -75 & 115 \\ -85 & 100 \\ -100 & 73 \\ -110 & 52 \\ -125 & 26 \\ -150 & 9 \\ -175 & 6 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) Plot the data as impact energy versus temperature. (b) Determine a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature as that temperature corresponding to the average of the maximum and minimum impact energies. (c) Determine a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature as that temperature at which the impact energy is \(80 \mathrm{~J}\).

What is the magnitude of the maximum stress that exists at the tip of an internal crack having a radius of curvature of \(2.5 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~mm}\) \(\left(10^{-5}\right.\) in.) and a crack length of \(2.5 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~mm}\) \(\left(10^{-3}\right.\) in.) when a tensile stress of \(170 \mathrm{MPa}\) \((25,000 \mathrm{psi})\) is applied?

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